Source: Ibn Kathir
(27) But surely, We shall cause those who disbelieve to taste a severe torment, and certainly, We shall requite them the worst of what they used to do.
(But surely, We shall cause those who disbelieve to taste a severe torment, ) meaning, in return for what they do when they hear the Qur'an.
(and certainly, We shall requite them the worst of what they used to do.) means, for their evil deeds.
(28) That is the recompense of the enemies of Allah: The Fire therein will be for them the eternal home, a (deserving) recompense for that they used to deny Our Ayat (proofs, evidence, verses, lessons, signs, revelations, etc.).
(29) And those who disbelieve will say: "Our Lord! Show us those among jinns and men who led us astray, we shall crush them under our feet so that they become the lowest."
(That is the recompense of the enemies of Allah: the Fire. Therein will be for them the eternal home, a recompense for that they used to deny Our Ayat. And those who disbelieve will say: "Our Lord! Show us those among Jinn and men who led us astray, that we may crush them under our feet so that they become the lowest.'') It was reported that `Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, said, concerning the phrase,
(those who led us astray): "Iblis and the son of Adam who killed his brother.'' As-Suddi reported that `Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, said; "Iblis is followed by everyone who commits Shirk and the son of Adam is followed by everyone who commits a major sin. So Iblis is the one who calls people to every evil thing, such as Shirk and lesser sins.''
As for the first son of Adam, it is as confirmed in the Hadith:
(No soul is wrongfully killed, but a share of the burden ﴿of that sin﴾ will be upon the first son of Adam, because he was the first one who set the precedent of killing another.)
(that we may crush them under our feet) means, `make them beneath us in the torment, so that they will be punished more severely than us.'
(so that they become the lowest.) means, in the lowest level of Hell, as already mentioned in Al-A`raf, where the followers ask Allah to multiply the torment for their leaders:
((Allah) said: "For each one there is double (torment), but you know not.'') (7:38) i.e., Allah will give each of them the torment and punishment they deserve for their deeds. This is like the Ayah:
(Those who disbelieved and hinder (men) from the path of Allah, for them We will add torment to the torment because they used to spread corruption.) (16:88).
| Glad Tidings to Those Who believe in Allah Alone and stand firm |
(30) Verily, those who say: "Our Lord is Allah (Alone)," and then they Istaqamu, on them the angels will descend (at the time of their death) (saying): "Fear not, nor grieve! But receive the glad tidings of Paradise which you have been promised!
(Verily, those who say: "Our Lord is Allah,'' and then they stand firm,) means, they do good deeds sincerely for the sake of Allah, and they obey Allah, doing what Allah has prescribed for them. Ibn Jarir recorded that Sa`id bin `Imran said, "I read this Ayah to Abu Bakr As-Siddiq, may Allah be pleased with him:
(Verily, those who say: "Our Lord is Allah,'' and then they stand firm,) He said, `Those are the ones who do not associate anything with Allah.''' Then he reported a narration of Al-Aswad bin Hilal, who said, "Abu Bakr As-Siddiq, may Allah be pleased with him, said, `What do you say about this Ayah:
(Verily, those who say: "Our Lord is Allah,'' and then they stand firm,)' They said:
("Our Lord is Allah,'' and then they stand firm,) `They shun sin.' He said, `You have not interpreted it improperly.' They say: `Our Lord is Allah, then they stand firm and do not turn to any other god besides Him. ''' This was also the view of Mujahid, `Ikrimah, As-Suddi and others.
Ahmad recorded that Sufyan bin `Abdullah Ath-Thaqafi said, "I said, `O Messenger of Allah, tell me something that I can adhere to.' He said: (Say, my Lord is Allah, then stand firm.) I said, `O Messenger of Allah, what do you fear most for me' The Messenger of Allah took hold of the edge of his tongue and said, (This is.)'' This was also recorded by At-Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah; At-Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih.''
Muslim also recorded it in his Sahih, and An-Nasa'i recorded that Sufyan bin `Abdullah Ath-Thaqafi said, "I said, `O Messenger of Allah, tell me something about Islam that I will not have to ask anyone about it after you.' He said: (Say: I believe in Allah, then stand firm.)'' -- then he mentioned the rest of the Hadith.
(on them the angels will descend). Mujahid, As-Suddi, Zayd bin Aslam and his ﴿Zayd's﴾ son said, "This means, at the time of death, and they will say,
(Fear not). '' Mujahid, `Ikrimah and Zayd bin Aslam said, "This means not to fear "that which you will face in the Hereafter.''
(nor grieve!) `for what you have left behind of worldly things, children, family, wealth and debt, for we will take care of it for you.'
(But receive the glad tidings of Paradise which you have been promised!) So they give glad tidings of the end of bad things and the arrival of good things.
This is like what is said in the Hadith narrated by Al-Bara', may Allah be pleased with him: (The angels say to the soul of the believer, "Come out, O good soul from the good body in which you used to dwell, come out to rest, and provision and a Lord Who is not angry.'') It was said that the angels will come down to them on the Day when they are brought out of their graves. Zayd bin Aslam said, "They will give him glad tidings when he dies, in his grave, and when he is resurrected.'' This was recorded by Ibn Abi Hatim, and this view reconciles all the opinions; it is a good view and it is true.
(31) "We have been your friends in the life of this world and are (so) in the Hereafter. Therein you shall have (all) that your inner-selves desire, and therein you shall have (all) for which you ask for.
(We have been your friends in the life of this world and are (so) in the Hereafter. ) means, the angels will say to the believers when death approaches: "We have been your friends, i.e., your close companions, in this world, protecting you and helping you by the command of Allah, and we will be with you in the Hereafter, keeping you from feeling lonely in your graves and when the Trumpet is blown; we will reassure you on the Day of Resurrection and will take you across the Sirat and bring you to the Gardens of delight.''
(Therein you shall have (all) that your souls desire,) means, `in Paradise you will have all that you wish for and that will delight you.'
(and therein you shall have (all) for which you ask.) means, `whatever you ask for, it will appear before you as you wish it to be.'
(32) "An entertainment from (Allah), the Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful."
(An entertainment from the Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.) means, `a welcoming gift and a blessing from the One Who has forgiven your sins and Who is Merciful and Kind towards you, Who has forgiven you, concealed your faults and been Kind and Merciful.'
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