Source: Ibn Kathir
| Manners of the Najwa, (Secret Counsel) |
Allah the Exalted teaches His believing servants to avoid the ways of the disbelievers and hypocrites,
(O you who believe! When you hold secret counsel, do it not for sin and wrongdoing, and disobedience to the Messenger,) meaning, do not hold evil secret counsels like the ignorant disbelieving People of the Scriptures and their allies among the hypocrites, who imitate their ways,
(but do it for Al-Birr and Taqwa, and have Taqwa of Allah unto Whom you shall be gathered.) and He will then inform you of all your deeds and statements; He has counted and recorded them and will justly hold you accountable for them.
(An-Najwa are only from the Shaytan, in order that he may cause grief to the believers. But he cannot harm them in the least, except as Allah permits. And in Allah let the believers put their trust.) Allah states that secret talks, where the believers feel anxious, are
(only from Shaytan, in order that he may cause grief to the believers.) meaning, that those who hold such counsels do so because of the lures of the devil,
(in order that he may cause grief to the believers.) The devil seeks to bother the believers, even though his plots will not harm the believers, except if Allah wills it. Those who are the subject of evil Najwa, should seek refuge in Allah and put his trust in Him, for none of it will harm them, Allah, willing. The Sunnah also forbids the Najwa so that no Muslim is bothered by it.
Imam Ahmad recorded that `Abdullah bin Mas`ud said that the Messenger of Allah said, (If you were three, then two of you should not hold a secret counsel in the presence of the third person because that would cause him to be worried.) This Hadith is collected in the Two Sahihs using a chain of narration that contained Al-A`mash. `Abdur-Razzaq narrated that `Abdullah bin `Umar said that Allah's Messenger said,
(If you were three, then two of you should not hold a secret counsel in the presence of the third person, except with his permission, because that would cause him to be worried.) Muslim collected this Hadith.
| Manners for Assemblies |
Allah teaches His servants good manners and orders them to be kind to each other when they are sitting together,
(O you who believe! When you are told to make room in the assemblies,)
(make room. Allah will give you room.) Indeed, the reward or recompense depends on the type of action.
In a Hadith, the Prophet said, (Whoever builds a Masjid for Allah, Allah builds for him a house in Paradise.)
In another Hadith, the Prophet said,
(He who relieves a difficulty for a person living in straitened circumstances, then Allah will relieve the difficulties of this life and the Hereafter for him. Surely, Allah helps the servant as long as the servant helps his brother.) There are many similar Hadiths.
This is why Allah the Exalted said,
(make room. Allah will give you room.) Qatadah said, "This Ayah was revealed about gatherings in places where Allah is being remembered. When someone would come to join in assemblies with the Messenger, they would hesitate to offer them space so that they would not lose their places. Allah the Exalted commanded them to spread out and make room for each other.''
Imam Ahmad and Imam Ash-Shafi`i recorded that `Abdullah bin `Umar said that the Messenger of Allah said, (One of you should not remove someone from his place and sit in it, but instead, spread out and make room.) This Hadith is recorded in the Two Sahihs. Imam Ahmad recorded that Abu Hurayrah said that the Prophet said, (A man should not remove another man from his place and then sit in it. Rather spread out and make room and Allah will make room for you.)
Imam Ahmad also recorded this Hadith with the wording: (A man should not leave his place for another man, but rather spread out and make room, and Allah will make room for you).''
It has been reported that Ibn `Abbas, Al-Hasan Al-Basri, and others said that: (When you are told to make room in the assemblies, make room. Allah will give you room.) means to war assemblies, and that,
(And when you are told to rise up, then rise up.) means, "Get up to fight.''
Qatadah said
(And when you are told to rise up, then rise up.) means, "When you are called to any type of good, then respond.''
| The Virtues of Knowledge and People of Knowledge |
Allah's statement,
(Allah will exalt in degrees those of you who believe and those who have been granted knowledge. And Allah is Well-Acquainted with what you do.) means, do not think that if one of you makes room for his brother, or rises up when he is commanded to do so, that this will diminish his right or honor. Rather, this will increase his virtue and status with Allah, and Allah the Exalted will never make his good deed be lost. To the contrary, He will reward him for it in this life and the Hereafter. Surely, he who humbles himself by and before the command of his Lord, then Allah will elevate his status and make him known by his good behavior. the statement of Allah the Exalted,
(Allah will exalt in degree those of you who believe and those who have been granted knowledge. And Allah is Well-Acquainted with what you do.) meaning, surely, Allah is Aware of those who deserve this reward and those who are not worthy of it.
| The Order to give Charity before One speaks to the Prophet in private |
Allah commanded His believing servants when any of them wanted to speak with Allah's Messenger in secret, to give away charity beforehand so that his charity cleanses and purifies him and makes him worthy of having a private counsel with the Prophet.
This is why Allah the Exalted said,
(That will be better and purer for you.) then He said,
(But if you find not.) meaning, if he is unable to do so due to poverty,
(then verily, Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.) He only commanded those who are financially able to give this type of charity.
Allah the Exalted said,
(Are you afraid of spending in charity before your private consultation) meaning, are you afraid that the order to give charity before speaking privately to the Prophet remains in effect forever
(If then you do it not, and Allah has forgiven you, then perform Salah and give Zakah and obey Allah and His Messenger. And Allah is All-Aware of what you do.) Therefore, Allah abrogated the obligation of giving this charity. It was said that none has implemented this command before except its abrogation.
`Ali bin Abi Talhah reported from Ibn `Abbas:
(spend something in charity before your private consultation.) "The Muslims kept asking Allah's Messenger questions until it became difficult on him. Allah wanted to lighten the burden from His Prophet, upon him be peace. So when He said this, many Muslims were afraid to pay this charity and stopped asking.
Afterwards, Allah sent down this Ayah,
(Are you afraid of spending in charity before your private consultation If then you do it not, and Allah has forgiven you, then perform Salah and give Zakah) Thus Allah made things easy and lenient for them.''
`Ikrimah and Al-Hasan Al-Basri commented on Allah's statement:
(spend something in charity before your private consultation.) "This was abrogated by the next Ayah:
(Are you afraid of spending in charity before your private consultation...).'' Sa`id bin Abi `Arubah reported from Qatadah and Muqatil bin Hayyan, "People kept questioning Allah's Messenger until they made things difficult for him. Allah provided a way to stop their behavior by this Ayah. One of them would need to speak to Allah's Prophet about a real matter, but could not do so until he gave in charity. This became hard to people and Allah sent down relief from this requirement afterward,
(But if you find not, then verily, Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful).''
Ma`mar reported from Qatadah that the Ayah,
(When you (want to) consult the Messenger in private, spend something in charity before your private consultation.) was abrogated after being in effect for only one hour of a day. `Abdur-Razzaq recorded that Mujahid said that `Ali said, "No one except me implemented this Ayah until it was abrogated,'' and he was reported to have said that it remained in effect for merely an hour.
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