Source: Ibn Kathir
(41) Do you not see that Allah is exalted by whomever is within the heavens and the earth and [by] the birds with wings spread [in flight]? Each [of them] has known his [means of] prayer and exalting [Him], and Allah is Knowing of what they do.
Allah tells us that whosoever is in the heavens and on the earth, i.e., the angels, mankind, Jinn, animals and even inanimate objects, all glorify Him.
(42) And to Allah belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth, and to Allah is the destination.
(and to Allah is the return) means, on the Day of Resurrection, when He will judge as He wills,
(43) Do you not see that Allah drives clouds? Then He brings them together, then He makes them into a mass, and you see the rain emerge from within it. And He sends down from the sky, mountains [of clouds] within which is hail, and He strikes with it whom He wills and averts it from whom He wills. The flash of its lightening almost takes away the eyesight.
Allah tells us that He drives the clouds from the beginning, when they are formed and are still weak. This is the "Gentle driving.''
(44) Allah alternates the night and the day. Indeed in that is a lesson for those who have vision.
(Allah causes the night and the day to succeed each other.) He is controlling them, so that He takes something from the length of one and adds it to the other, which is short, until they become equal, then He does the opposite so that the one which was short becomes long and vice versa. Allah is the One Who is controlling that by His command, power, might and knowledge.
(Truly, in this is indeed a lesson for those who have insight.) means, this is an indication of His greatness, may He be exalted.
(45) Allah has created every [living] creature from water. And of them are those that move on their bellies, and of them are those that walk on two legs, and of them are those that walk on four. Allah creates what He wills. Indeed, Allah is over all things competent.
(46) We have certainly sent down distinct verses. And Allah guides whom He wills to a straight path.
(47) But the hypocrites say, "We have believed in Allah and in the Messenger, and we obey"; then a party of them turns away after that. And those are not believers.
Allah tells us about the characteristics of the hypocrites who show one thing while hiding another, and who say with their tongues,
("We have believed in Allah and in the Messenger, and we obey,'' then a party of them turn away thereafter,) meaning, their actions contradict their deeds, and they say that which they do not do.
(48) And when they are called to [the words of] Allah and His Messenger to judge between them, at once a party of them turns aside [in refusal].
(And when they are called to Allah and His Messenger, to judge between them...) means, when they are asked to follow the guidance which Allah has revealed to His Messenger , they turn away and are too arrogantly proud of themselves to follow him.
(49) But if the right is theirs, they come to him in prompt obedience.
Everything glorifies Allah, may He be exalted, and to Him belongs the Sovereignty
Allah tells us that whosoever is in the heavens and on the earth, i.e., the angels, mankind, Jinn, animals and even inanimate objects, all glorify Him.
(and the birds with wings outspread) means, while they are flying they glorify their Lord and worship Him with the glorification with which they are inspired and to which they are guided. Allah knows what they are doing, and so He says:
(Of each one He knows indeed his Salah and his glorification;) meaning, He has guided every creature to its own way of worshipping Allah, may He be glorified. Then Allah tells us that He knows all of that and nothing at all is hidden from Him. He says:
(and Allah is All-Aware of what they do.) Then Allah tells us that to Him belongs the sovereignty of heaven and earth, and that He is the Ruler and Controller, the God Who is worshipped and besides Whom none other is to be worshipped, and there is none to put back His judgement.
(and to Allah is the return) means, on the Day of Resurrection, when He will judge as He wills,
The Power of Allah to create the Clouds and that which comes from Them
Allah tells us that He drives the clouds from the beginning, when they are formed and are still weak. This is the "Gentle driving.''
(then joins them together,) means, He brings them together after they have been scattered.
(then makes them into a heap of layers,) means, He piles them up on top of one another.
(and you see the Wadq) meaning the rain,
(come forth from between them;) means, from the gaps between them.
This is how it was understood by Ibn `Abbas and Ad-Dahhak. `Ubayd bin `Umayr Al-Laythi said: "Allah sends the scatterer ﴿wind﴾, which stirs up that which is on the surface of the earth. Then he sends the generator ﴿wind﴾, which forms the clouds. Then He sends the joiner ﴿wind﴾ which brings them together. Then He sends the fertilizer ﴿wind﴾ which fertilizes or `seeds' the clouds.''
(and He sends down from ﴿Min﴾ the sky, from ﴿Min﴾ mountains in it of ﴿Min﴾ ice,) Some of the grammarians said that the first Min describes the place from which it is coming, the second specifies from which part of the sky it comes, and the third means some kind of mountains.
(from ﴿Min﴾ mountains in it of ﴿Min﴾ ice) means that there are mountains of hail in the sky from which Allah sends down ice.
(and strikes therewith) means, with what He sends down from the sky of different kinds of rain and hail.
(and strikes therewith whom He wills) means, by His mercy towards them, and
(and averts it from whom He wills. ) means, He withholds rain from them. Or it may be that
(and strikes therewith) means, with hail, as a punishment towards whomever He wills, striking their fruits and destroying their crops and trees. And He averts it from whomever He wills as a mercy towards them.
(The vivid flash of its lightning nearly blinds the sight.) the brightness of its lightning almost takes away their sight if the eyes follow it and try to look at it.
(Allah causes the night and the day to succeed each other.) He is controlling them, so that He takes something from the length of one and adds it to the other, which is short, until they become equal, then He does the opposite so that the one which was short becomes long and vice versa. Allah is the One Who is controlling that by His command, power, might and knowledge.
(Truly, in this is indeed a lesson for those who have insight.) means, this is an indication of His greatness, may He be exalted.
Allah's Power in His creation of the Animals
Allah mentions His complete and almighty power to create all the different kinds of animals with their various forms, colors and ways of moving and stopping, from one kind of water.
(Of them there are some that creep on their bellies,) like snakes and so on;
(and some that walk on two legs,) like humans and birds;
(and some that walk on four,) like cattle and all kinds of animals. Allah says:
(Allah creates what He wills.) meaning by His power, because what He wills happens and what He does not will does not happen. So he says:
(Verily, Allah is able to do all things.)
(We have indeed sent down manifest Ayat. And Allah guides whom He wills to the straight path.) Allah states that in this Qur'an He has revealed many clear and unambiguous rulings, words of wisdom and parables, and that He guides people of understanding, insight and intellect to ponder and understand them.
He says:
The Treachery of the Hypocrites and the Attitude of the Believers
Allah tells us about the characteristics of the hypocrites who show one thing while hiding another, and who say with their tongues,
("We have believed in Allah and in the Messenger, and we obey,'' then a party of them turn away thereafter,) meaning, their actions contradict their deeds, and they say that which they do not do.
(And when they are called to Allah and His Messenger, to judge between them...) means, when they are asked to follow the guidance which Allah has revealed to His Messenger , they turn away and are too arrogantly proud of themselves to follow him.
(But if the truth is on their side, they come to him willingly with submission.) means, if the ruling will be in their favor and not against them, then they will come and will listen and obey, which is what is meant by the phrase
(willingly with submission.) But if the ruling will go against him, he turns away and demands something that goes against the truth, and he prefers to refer for judgement to someone other than the Prophet so that his false claims may prevail. His acceptance in the beginning was not because he believed that it was the truth, but because it happened to be in accordance with his desires. So when the truth went against what he was hoping for, he turned away from it.
(50) Is there a disease in their hearts? Or do they doubt or fear lest Allah and His Messenger (SAW) should wrong them in judgement. Nay, it is they themselves who are the Zalimun
(Is there a disease in their hearts...) meaning, their situation cannot be anything else, they must necessarily have a disease in their hearts, or else they have some doubts about the religion, or they are afraid that Allah and His Messenger will be unjust in their ruling against them. Whichever it is, it is pure disbelief, and Allah knows which of these characteristics each one of them has.
(Nay, it is they themselves who are the wrongdoers.) means, they are the evildoers who commit immoral actions, and Allah and His Messenger are innocent of the injustice and unfairness that they imagine; exalted be Allah and His Messenger above such a thing. Then Allah tells us about the attributes of the believers who respond to Allah and His Messenger and who seek no other way apart from the Book of Allah and the Sunnah of His Messenger .
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