( Source: Ibn Kathir )
(25) And those who break the Covenant of Allah, after its ratification, and sever that which Allah has commanded to be joined (i.e. they sever the bond of kinship and are not good to their relatives), and work mischief in the land, on them is the curse (i.e. they will be far away from Allah's Mercy); And for them is the unhappy (evil) home (i.e. Hell).
This is the destination of the Wretched ones and these are their characteristics. Allah mentioned their end in the Hereafter, to contrast the end that the believers earned, since their characteristics were to the opposite of the believer's qualities in this life. The latter used to keep Allah's covenant and join that which Allah has ordained on them to join.
As for the former, they used to,
(break the covenant of Allah, after its ratification, and sever that which Allah has commanded to be joined, and work mischief in the land,)
An authentic Hadith states that, The signs of a hypocrite are three: Whenever he speaks, he tells a lie; whenever he promises, he always breaks it (his promise); if you entrust him, he proves to be dishonest.''
In another narration, the Prophet said, (If he enters into a covenant, he betrays it; and if he disputes, he proves to be most quarrelsome.)
This is why Allah said next, (on them is the curse,) they will be cast away from Allah's mercy,
(26) Allah increases the provision for whom He wills, and straitens (it for whom He wills), and they rejoice in the life of the world, whereas the life of this world as compared with the Hereafter is but a brief passing enjoyment.
Allah states that He alone increases the provisions for whom He wills and decreases it for whom He wills, according to His wisdom and perfect justice. So, when the disbelievers rejoice with the life of the present world that was given to them, they do not know that they are being tested and tried. Allah belittled the life of the present world in comparison to what He has prepared for His believing servants in the Hereafter.
Imam Ahmad recorded that Al-Mustawrid, from Bani Fihr, said that the Messenger of Allah said, (The life of the present world, compared to the Hereafter, is just like when one of you inserts his finger in the sea, so let him contemplate how much of it will it carry.) and he pointed with the index finger. Imam Muslim also collected this Hadith in his Sahih.
(27) And those who disbelieve say: "Why is not a sign sent down to him (Muhammad SAW) from his Lord?" Say: "Verily, Allah sends astray whom He wills and guides unto Himself those who turn to Him in repentance."
(28) Those who believe (in the Oneness of Allah - Islamic Monotheism), and whose hearts find rest in the remembrance of Allah, Verily, in the remembrance of Allah do hearts find rest.
(Those who believed, and whose hearts find rest in the remembrance of Allah.) for their hearts find comfort on the side of Allah, become tranquil when He is remembered and pleased to have Him as their Protector and Supporter.
(Verily, in the remembrance of Allah do hearts find rest.) and surely, He is worthy of it.
(29) Those who believe (in the Oneness of Allah - Islamic Monotheism), and work righteousness, Tuba (it means all kinds of happiness or name of a tree in Paradise) is for them and a beautiful place of (final) return.
(Those who believed, and work righteousness, Tuba is for them and a beautiful place of (final) return.) `
Ali bin Abi Talhah reported that Ibn `Abbas said that Tuba means, "Happiness and comfort or refreshment of the eye.''
`Ikrimah said that Tuba means, "How excellent is what they earned,''
while Ad-Dahhak said, "A joy for them.''
Furthermore, Ibrahim An-Nakh`i said that Tuba means, "Better for them,''
while Qatadah said that it is an Arabic word that means, `you have earned a good thing.'
In another narration, Qatadah said that `Tuba for them' means, "It is excellent for them,''
(and a beautiful place of return.) and final destination.
These meanings for Tuba are all synonymous and they do not contradict one another.
Imam Ahmad recorded that Abu Sa'id Al-Khudri said that a man asked, "O Allah's Messenger! Tuba for those who saw you and believed in you!'' The Prophet said, Tuba is for he who saw me and believed in me. Tuba, and another Tuba, and another Tuba for he who believed in me, but did not see me. A man asked, "What is Tuba'' The Prophet said, A tree in Paradise whose width is a hundred years, and the clothes of the people of Paradise are taken from its bark.
Al-Bukhari and Muslim recorded that Sahl bin Sa`d said that the Messenger of Allah said, There is a tree in Paradise, if a rider travels in its shade for one hundred years, he would not be able to cross it.
An-Nu`man bin Abi `Ayyash Az-Zuraqi added, "Abu Sa`id Al-Khudri narrated to me that the Prophet said, There is a tree in Paradise, if a rider travels in its shade on a fast, sleek horse for one hundred years, he would not be able to cross it.''
In his Sahih, Imam Muslim recorded that Abu Dharr narrated that the Messenger of Allah said that Allah the Exalted and Most Honored said, O My slaves! If the first and the last among you, mankind and Jinns among you, stood in one spot and asked Me and I gave each person what he asked, it will not decrease from My dominion, except what the needle decreases (or carries) when entered into the sea.
Characteristics of the Wretched Ones which will lead to the Curse and the Evil Home
This is the destination of the Wretched ones and these are their characteristics. Allah mentioned their end in the Hereafter, to contrast the end that the believers earned, since their characteristics were to the opposite of the believer's qualities in this life. The latter used to keep Allah's covenant and join that which Allah has ordained on them to join.
As for the former, they used to,
(break the covenant of Allah, after its ratification, and sever that which Allah has commanded to be joined, and work mischief in the land,)
An authentic Hadith states that, The signs of a hypocrite are three: Whenever he speaks, he tells a lie; whenever he promises, he always breaks it (his promise); if you entrust him, he proves to be dishonest.''
In another narration, the Prophet said, (If he enters into a covenant, he betrays it; and if he disputes, he proves to be most quarrelsome.)
This is why Allah said next, (on them is the curse,) they will be cast away from Allah's mercy,
(and for them is the unhappy home. ) the evil end and destination,
(Their dwelling place will be Hell; and worst indeed is that place for rest.) ﴿13:18﴾
Increase and Decrease in Provision is in Allah's Hand
Allah states that He alone increases the provisions for whom He wills and decreases it for whom He wills, according to His wisdom and perfect justice. So, when the disbelievers rejoice with the life of the present world that was given to them, they do not know that they are being tested and tried. Allah belittled the life of the present world in comparison to what He has prepared for His believing servants in the Hereafter.
Imam Ahmad recorded that Al-Mustawrid, from Bani Fihr, said that the Messenger of Allah said, (The life of the present world, compared to the Hereafter, is just like when one of you inserts his finger in the sea, so let him contemplate how much of it will it carry.) and he pointed with the index finger. Imam Muslim also collected this Hadith in his Sahih.
Disbelievers ask for Miracles, Allah's Response to Them
Allah says that the idolators said,
(Why is not), meaning, there should be,
(a sign sent down to him from his Lord) The idolators also said,
(Let him then bring us an Ayah like the ones (Prophets) that were sent before (with signs)!) ﴿21:5﴾
We mentioned this subject several times before and stated that Allah is able to bring them what they wanted.
There is a Hadith which mentions that the idolators asked the Prophet to turn Mount As-Safa into gold and, they also asked him for a spring to gush forth for them and to remove the mountains from around Makkah and replace them with green fields and gardens. Allah revealed to His Messenger : "If You wish, O Muhammad, I will give them what they asked for. However, if they disbelieve thereafter, I will punish them with a punishment that I did not punish any among the `Alamin (mankind and the Jinns). Or, if you wish, I will open for them the door to repentance and mercy.'' The Prophet said, (Rather, open for them the door to repentance and mercy.)
This is why Allah said to His Messenger next,
(Say: "Verily, Allah sends astray whom He wills and guides unto Himself those who turn to Him in repentance.'') Allah states that He brings misguidance or guidance whether the Messenger was given a sign (a miracle) according to their asking or not. Verily, earning the misguidance or the guidance are not connected to the miracles or the lack of them.
The Believer's Heart finds Comfort in the Remembrance of Allah
(Those who believed, and whose hearts find rest in the remembrance of Allah.) for their hearts find comfort on the side of Allah, become tranquil when He is remembered and pleased to have Him as their Protector and Supporter.
(Verily, in the remembrance of Allah do hearts find rest.) and surely, He is worthy of it.
The Meaning of Tuba
(Those who believed, and work righteousness, Tuba is for them and a beautiful place of (final) return.) `
Ali bin Abi Talhah reported that Ibn `Abbas said that Tuba means, "Happiness and comfort or refreshment of the eye.''
`Ikrimah said that Tuba means, "How excellent is what they earned,''
while Ad-Dahhak said, "A joy for them.''
Furthermore, Ibrahim An-Nakh`i said that Tuba means, "Better for them,''
while Qatadah said that it is an Arabic word that means, `you have earned a good thing.'
In another narration, Qatadah said that `Tuba for them' means, "It is excellent for them,''
(and a beautiful place of return.) and final destination.
These meanings for Tuba are all synonymous and they do not contradict one another.
Imam Ahmad recorded that Abu Sa'id Al-Khudri said that a man asked, "O Allah's Messenger! Tuba for those who saw you and believed in you!'' The Prophet said, Tuba is for he who saw me and believed in me. Tuba, and another Tuba, and another Tuba for he who believed in me, but did not see me. A man asked, "What is Tuba'' The Prophet said, A tree in Paradise whose width is a hundred years, and the clothes of the people of Paradise are taken from its bark.
Al-Bukhari and Muslim recorded that Sahl bin Sa`d said that the Messenger of Allah said, There is a tree in Paradise, if a rider travels in its shade for one hundred years, he would not be able to cross it.
An-Nu`man bin Abi `Ayyash Az-Zuraqi added, "Abu Sa`id Al-Khudri narrated to me that the Prophet said, There is a tree in Paradise, if a rider travels in its shade on a fast, sleek horse for one hundred years, he would not be able to cross it.''
In his Sahih, Imam Muslim recorded that Abu Dharr narrated that the Messenger of Allah said that Allah the Exalted and Most Honored said, O My slaves! If the first and the last among you, mankind and Jinns among you, stood in one spot and asked Me and I gave each person what he asked, it will not decrease from My dominion, except what the needle decreases (or carries) when entered into the sea.
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