( Source: Ibn Kathir )
(80) And Allah has made for you in your homes an abode, and made for you out of the hides of the cattle (tents for) dwelling, which you find so light (and handy) when you travel and when you stay (in your travels), and of their wool, fur, and hair (sheep wool, camel fur, and goat hair), a furnishing and articles of convenience (e.g. carpets, blankets, etc.), a comfort for a while.
Allah mentions His great blessings for His servant in that He has given them homes to dwell in and protect themselves with, in which they find all kinds of benefits. He has also given them homes from the hides of cattle, i.e., leather, which are light and easy to carry on journeys and can be erected wherever they stop, whether they are traveling or are settled.
(which you find so light when you travel and when you camp;)
(out of their wool, fur and hair) refers to sheep, camels and goats respectively.
(furnishings) meaning what you take from them, i.e., wealth. It was also said that it means articles of convenience, or clothing. The correct view is more general in meaning than this; it means that you make carpets, clothing and other things from their wool, hair etc., which you use as wealth and for trade. Ibn `Abbas said: `Al-Athath means articles of convenience and comfort.''
(for a while) means, until the appointed time.
(81) And Allah has made for you out of that which He has created shades, and has made for you places of refuge in the mountains, and has made for you garments to protect you from the heat (and cold), and coats of mail to protect you from your (mutual) violence. Thus does He perfect His Grace unto you, that you may submit yourselves to His Will (in Islam).
(And Allah has made shade for you out of that which He has created,) Qatadah said: "This means trees.''
(and He has made places of refuge in the mountains for you,) meaning fortresses and strongholds.
(and He has made garments for you to protect you from the heat,) meaning clothing of cotton, linen and wool.
(and coats of mail to protect you from your violence.) such as shields made of layers of sheet iron, coats of mail and so on.
(Thus does He perfect His favor for you,) meaning, thus He gives you what you need to go about your business, so that this will help you to worship and obey Him.
(that you may submit yourselves to His will). This is interpreted by the majority to mean submitting to Allah or becoming Muslim.
(82) Then, if they turn away, your duty (O Muhammad SAW) is only to convey (the Message) in a clear way.
(Then, if they turn away,) meaning, after this declaration and reminder, do not worry about them.
(your duty (O Muhammad) is only to convey (the Message) in a clear way), and you have delivered the Message to them.
(83) They recognise the Grace of Allah, yet they deny it (by worshipping others besides Allah) and most of them are disbelievers (deny the Prophethood of Muhammad SAW).
(They recognize the grace of Allah, yet they deny it) meaning they know that Allah is the One Who grants these blessings to them, and that He is Bountiful towards them, but they still deny this by worshipping others besides Him and thinking that their help and provisions come from others besides Him.
(and most of them are disbelievers.)
(84) And (remember) the Day when We shall raise up from each nation a witness (their Messenger), then, those who have disbelieved will not be given leave (to put forward excuses), nor will they be allowed (to return to the world) to repent and ask for Allah's Forgiveness (of their sins, etc.).
Allah tells us about the predicament of the idolators on the Day when they will be resurrected in the realm of the Hereafter. He will raise a witness from every nation - that is - their Prophet, to testify about their response to the Message he conveyed from Allah.
(then, those who disbelieved will not be given leave.) meaning, they will not be allowed to offer any excuse,
as Allah says: (That will be a Day when they do not speak. And they will not be permitted to present any excuse) (77:35-36).
(nor will they be allowed (to return to the world) to repent and ask for Allah's forgiveness. And once those who did wrong see) meaning those who associated others in worship with Allah,
(the torment, it will not decrease for them,) meaning it will not be reduced for them even for a moment.
(85) And when those who did wrong (the disbelievers) will see the torment, then it will not be lightened unto them, nor will they be given respite.
(nor will they be given respite. ) meaning, it will not be delayed for them, rather they will be taken quickly from the place of gathering, with no calling to account. Then Hell will be brought forth, pulled by seventy thousand ropes, each of which is held by seventy thousand angels, and a neck will stretch forth from Hell towards the people, and it will expel a gust of hot air. No one will be left but will fall to his knees. Then it (the neck that is stretched forth) will say, "I have been entrusted to deal with every stubborn, arrogant one who joined another god with Allah,'' and so and so, mentioning different types of people, as was reported in the Hadith. Then it will come down upon them and pick them up from where they are standing as a bird picks up a seed.
(86) And when those who associated partners with Allah see their (Allah's so-called) partners, they will say: "Our Lord! These are our partners whom we used to invoke besides you." But they will throw back their word at them (and say): "Surely! You indeed are liars!"
Then Allah tells us that their gods will disown them when they need them most.
He says:
(And when those who associated partners with Allah see their partners) meaning, those whom they used to worship in this world.'
(they will say: "Our Lord! These are our partners whom we used to call upon besides you.'' But they will throw their statements back at them (saying): "You are indeed liars!'') i.e., those gods will say to them, `you are lying. We never commanded you to worship us.'
Allah says: (And who is more astray than one who calls upon others besides Allah, such as will not answer him till the Day of Resurrection, and who are (even) unaware of their invocations to them And when the people are gathered (on the Day of Resurrection), they (false deities) will become their enemies and will deny their worship,) (46:5-6)
Homes, Furnishings and Clothing are also Blessings from Allah
Allah mentions His great blessings for His servant in that He has given them homes to dwell in and protect themselves with, in which they find all kinds of benefits. He has also given them homes from the hides of cattle, i.e., leather, which are light and easy to carry on journeys and can be erected wherever they stop, whether they are traveling or are settled.
(which you find so light when you travel and when you camp;)
(out of their wool, fur and hair) refers to sheep, camels and goats respectively.
(furnishings) meaning what you take from them, i.e., wealth. It was also said that it means articles of convenience, or clothing. The correct view is more general in meaning than this; it means that you make carpets, clothing and other things from their wool, hair etc., which you use as wealth and for trade. Ibn `Abbas said: `Al-Athath means articles of convenience and comfort.''
(for a while) means, until the appointed time.
Shade, Places of Refuge in the Mountains, Garments and Coats of Mail are also Blessings from Allah
(And Allah has made shade for you out of that which He has created,) Qatadah said: "This means trees.''
(and He has made places of refuge in the mountains for you,) meaning fortresses and strongholds.
(and He has made garments for you to protect you from the heat,) meaning clothing of cotton, linen and wool.
(and coats of mail to protect you from your violence.) such as shields made of layers of sheet iron, coats of mail and so on.
(Thus does He perfect His favor for you,) meaning, thus He gives you what you need to go about your business, so that this will help you to worship and obey Him.
(that you may submit yourselves to His will). This is interpreted by the majority to mean submitting to Allah or becoming Muslim.
All the Messenger has to do is convey the Message
(Then, if they turn away,) meaning, after this declaration and reminder, do not worry about them.
(your duty (O Muhammad) is only to convey (the Message) in a clear way), and you have delivered the Message to them.
(They recognize the grace of Allah, yet they deny it) meaning they know that Allah is the One Who grants these blessings to them, and that He is Bountiful towards them, but they still deny this by worshipping others besides Him and thinking that their help and provisions come from others besides Him.
(and most of them are disbelievers.)
The Plight of the Idolators on the Day of Judgement
Allah tells us about the predicament of the idolators on the Day when they will be resurrected in the realm of the Hereafter. He will raise a witness from every nation - that is - their Prophet, to testify about their response to the Message he conveyed from Allah.
(then, those who disbelieved will not be given leave.) meaning, they will not be allowed to offer any excuse,
as Allah says: (That will be a Day when they do not speak. And they will not be permitted to present any excuse) (77:35-36).
(nor will they be allowed (to return to the world) to repent and ask for Allah's forgiveness. And once those who did wrong see) meaning those who associated others in worship with Allah,
(the torment, it will not decrease for them,) meaning it will not be reduced for them even for a moment.
(nor will they be given respite. ) meaning, it will not be delayed for them, rather they will be taken quickly from the place of gathering, with no calling to account. Then Hell will be brought forth, pulled by seventy thousand ropes, each of which is held by seventy thousand angels, and a neck will stretch forth from Hell towards the people, and it will expel a gust of hot air. No one will be left but will fall to his knees. Then it (the neck that is stretched forth) will say, "I have been entrusted to deal with every stubborn, arrogant one who joined another god with Allah,'' and so and so, mentioning different types of people, as was reported in the Hadith. Then it will come down upon them and pick them up from where they are standing as a bird picks up a seed.
The gods of the Idolators will disown Them at the Time when They need them most
Then Allah tells us that their gods will disown them when they need them most.
He says:
(And when those who associated partners with Allah see their partners) meaning, those whom they used to worship in this world.'
(they will say: "Our Lord! These are our partners whom we used to call upon besides you.'' But they will throw their statements back at them (saying): "You are indeed liars!'') i.e., those gods will say to them, `you are lying. We never commanded you to worship us.'
Allah says: (And who is more astray than one who calls upon others besides Allah, such as will not answer him till the Day of Resurrection, and who are (even) unaware of their invocations to them And when the people are gathered (on the Day of Resurrection), they (false deities) will become their enemies and will deny their worship,) (46:5-6)
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