( Source: Ibn Kathir )
(87) And indeed, We have bestowed upon you seven of Al-Mathani (the seven repeatedly recited Verses), (i.e. Surat Al-Fatiha) and the Grand Quran.
Allah is saying to His Prophet : Since We have given you the Grand Qur'an, then do not look at this world and its attractions, or the transient delights that we have given to its people in order to test them. Do not envy what they have in this world, and do not upset yourself with regret for their rejection of you and their opposition to your religion.
(Verily, there has come unto you a Messenger from among yourselves. It grieves him that you should receive any injury or difficulty. He is anxious for you, for the believers - he is full of pity, kind and merciful)(9:128).
There were some differences among the scholars over the meaning of "seven of the Mathani''. Ibn Mas`ud, Ibn `Umar, Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, Sa`id bin Jubayr, Ad-Dahhak and others said that,
...they are the seven long (Surahs), meaning Al-Baqarah, Al- `Imran, An-Nisa', Al-Ma'idah, Al-An`am, Al-A`raf and Yunus. There are texts to this effect reported from Ibn `Abbas and Sa`id bin Jubayr. Sa`id said: "In them, Allah explains the obligations, the Hudud (legal limits), stories and rulings.'' Ibn `Abbas said, "He explains the parables, stories and lessons.''
The second opinion is that they (the seven of the Mathani) are Al-Fatihah, which is composed of seven Ayat. This was reported from `Ali, `Umar, Ibn Mas`ud and Ibn `Abbas. Ibn `Abbas said: "The Bismillah, is completing seven Ayah, which Allah has given exclusively to you (Muslims).'' Al-Bukhari, may Allah have mercy on him, recorded two Hadiths on this topic.
(The first) was recorded from Abu Sa`id bin Al-Mu`alla, who said: "The Prophet passed by me while I was praying. He called out for me but I did not come until I finished my prayer. Then I came to him, and He asked, (What stopped you from coming to me) I said, `I was praying'. He said,
(O you who believe! Answer Allah (by obeying Him) and (His) Messenger when he calls you...) ﴿8:24﴾
(Shall I not teach you the most magnificent Surah before I leave the Masjid) Then the Prophet went to leave the Masjid, and I reminded him, so he said,
("Al-Hamdu Lillahi Rabbil-'Alamin ﴿All praises and thanks be to Allah, the Lord of all that exists﴾)(1:2).
(This is the seven of the Mathani and the Qur'an which I have been given.)''
(The second Hadith) was reported from Abu Hurayrah who said that the Messenger of Allah said: (Umm Al-Qur'an (the Mother or the Essence of the Qur'an,) is the seven Mathani, and the Grand Qur'an.) This means that Al-Fatihah is the seven Mathani and the Grand Qur'an, but this does not contradict the statement that the seven Mathani are the seven long Surahs, because they also share these attributes, as does the whole Qur'an.
(88) Look not with your eyes ambitiously at what We have bestowed on certain classes of them (the disbelievers), nor grieve over them. And lower your wings for the believers (be courteous to the fellow-believers).
(Look not with your eyes ambitiously at what We have given to certain classes of them) meaning, be content with the Grand Qur'an that Allah has given to you, and do not long for the luxuries and transient delights that they have.
(Look not with your eyes ambitiously) Al-`Awfi reported that Ibn `Abbas said: "He ﴿in this Ayah﴾ forbade a man to wish for what his companion has.''
(at what We have given to certain classes of them,) Mujahid said: "This refers to the rich.''
(89) And say: "I am indeed a plain warner."
Allah commanded His Prophet to tell the people:
(I am indeed a plain warner) coming to warn the people of a severe punishment that they will suffer if they reject him, as happened to those nations before them who disbelieved in their Messengers, upon whom Allah sent His punishment and vengeance.
In the two Sahihs it is reported from Abu Musa that the Prophet said: (The parable of myself and that with which Allah has sent me is that of a man who came to his people and said, `O people! I have seen the ﴿invading﴾ army with my own eyes, and I am a naked warner, so escape, escape!' Some of his people obeyed him and set out at nightfall, setting off at a slow pace and managing to escape. Others did not believe him and stayed where they were until the next morning when the ﴿invading﴾ army overtook them and destroyed them, wiping them out. This is the parable of the one who obeys me and follows what I have brought, and the example of the one who disobeys me and rejects the truth that I have brought.)
(90) As We have sent down on the dividers, (Quraish pagans or Jews and Christians).
(the Muqtasimin) refers to those who had made a pact to oppose, deny, and insult the Prophets.
Similarly, Allah tells us about the people of Salih: (They said, "Swear to one another ﴿Taqasamu﴾ by Allah that we shall make a secret night attack on him and his household'') ﴿27:49﴾ i.e., they plotted to kill him at night. Mujahid said "Taqasamu means they swore an oath.''
(91) Who have made the Quran into parts. (i.e. believed in a part and disbelieved in the other).
(Who have made the Qur'an into parts.) meaning, they have split up the Books that were revealed to them, believing in parts of them and rejecting parts of them.
Al-Bukhari reported that Ibn `Abbas said, (Who have made the Qur'an into parts.) "They are the People of the Book, who divided the Book into parts, believing in some of it, and rejecting some of it.''
Some have said that Al-Mutaqasimin refers to the Quraysh, that the Qur'an means this Qur'an ﴿as opposed to the Scriptures of the People of the Book﴾, and that "made it into parts'' referred to what `Ata' said that some of them said that he (the Prophet ) was a sorcerer, some said he was crazy, or a soothsayer. These various allegations were the parts. This opinion was also reported from Ad-Dahhak and others.
(Who have made the Qur'an into parts.) meaning, of different types,
(92) So, by your Lord (O Muhammad SAW), We shall certainly call all of them to account. (93) For all that they used to do.
(So, by your Lord, We shall certainly call all of them to account. For all that they used to do) Those were the group who said that about the Messenger of Allah .''
(So, by your Lord, We shall certainly call all of them to account. For all that they used to do.) Abu Ja`far reported from Ar-Rabi` that Abu Al-`Aliyah said, "All the people will be asked about two things on the Day of Resurrection: what they used to worship, and what their response was to the Messengers.
(94) Therefore proclaim openly (Allah's Message Islamic Monotheism) that which you are commanded, and turn away from Al-Mushrikun (polytheists, idolaters, and disbelievers.
(95) Truly! We will suffice you against the scoffers.
(and turn away from idolators. Truly, We will suffice you against the mockers.) meaning - convey that which has been revealed to you by your Lord, and do not pay attention to the idolators who want to turn you away from the signs of Allah.
(96) Who set up along with Allah another ilah (god), they will come to know.
(Who make another god along with Allah; but they will come to know.) This is a strong warning and grave threat against those who have other deities along with Allah.
(97) Indeed, We know that your breast is straitened at what they say.(98) So glorify the praises of your Lord and be of those who prostrate themselves (to Him).
(Indeed, We know that your breast becomes tight because of what they say. So glorify the praises of your Lord and be of those who prostrate themselves (to Him).) meaning `We know, O Muhammad, that you are distressed by their insults towards you, but do not let that weaken your resolve or cause you to give up conveying the Message of Allah. Put your trust in Him, for He will suffice you and will support you against them. Keep yourself busy with remembering Allah, praising Him, glorifying Him, and worshipping Him (which means Salah, or prayer)'
(99) And worship your Lord until there comes unto you the certainty (i.e. death).
(And worship your Lord until the certainty comes to you) (15: 99). Al-Bukhari said: "Salim said, `(This means) death.'''
(And worship your Lord until the certainty comes to you.) is that acts of worship, such as prayer and the like, are obligatory on man so long as his mind is sound, so he should pray according to his best ability.
A Reminder of the Blessing of the Qur'an and the Command to focus on its Message
Allah is saying to His Prophet : Since We have given you the Grand Qur'an, then do not look at this world and its attractions, or the transient delights that we have given to its people in order to test them. Do not envy what they have in this world, and do not upset yourself with regret for their rejection of you and their opposition to your religion.
(Verily, there has come unto you a Messenger from among yourselves. It grieves him that you should receive any injury or difficulty. He is anxious for you, for the believers - he is full of pity, kind and merciful)(9:128).
There were some differences among the scholars over the meaning of "seven of the Mathani''. Ibn Mas`ud, Ibn `Umar, Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, Sa`id bin Jubayr, Ad-Dahhak and others said that,
...they are the seven long (Surahs), meaning Al-Baqarah, Al- `Imran, An-Nisa', Al-Ma'idah, Al-An`am, Al-A`raf and Yunus. There are texts to this effect reported from Ibn `Abbas and Sa`id bin Jubayr. Sa`id said: "In them, Allah explains the obligations, the Hudud (legal limits), stories and rulings.'' Ibn `Abbas said, "He explains the parables, stories and lessons.''
The second opinion is that they (the seven of the Mathani) are Al-Fatihah, which is composed of seven Ayat. This was reported from `Ali, `Umar, Ibn Mas`ud and Ibn `Abbas. Ibn `Abbas said: "The Bismillah, is completing seven Ayah, which Allah has given exclusively to you (Muslims).'' Al-Bukhari, may Allah have mercy on him, recorded two Hadiths on this topic.
(The first) was recorded from Abu Sa`id bin Al-Mu`alla, who said: "The Prophet passed by me while I was praying. He called out for me but I did not come until I finished my prayer. Then I came to him, and He asked, (What stopped you from coming to me) I said, `I was praying'. He said,
(O you who believe! Answer Allah (by obeying Him) and (His) Messenger when he calls you...) ﴿8:24﴾
(Shall I not teach you the most magnificent Surah before I leave the Masjid) Then the Prophet went to leave the Masjid, and I reminded him, so he said,
("Al-Hamdu Lillahi Rabbil-'Alamin ﴿All praises and thanks be to Allah, the Lord of all that exists﴾)(1:2).
(This is the seven of the Mathani and the Qur'an which I have been given.)''
(The second Hadith) was reported from Abu Hurayrah who said that the Messenger of Allah said: (Umm Al-Qur'an (the Mother or the Essence of the Qur'an,) is the seven Mathani, and the Grand Qur'an.) This means that Al-Fatihah is the seven Mathani and the Grand Qur'an, but this does not contradict the statement that the seven Mathani are the seven long Surahs, because they also share these attributes, as does the whole Qur'an.
(Look not with your eyes ambitiously at what We have given to certain classes of them) meaning, be content with the Grand Qur'an that Allah has given to you, and do not long for the luxuries and transient delights that they have.
(Look not with your eyes ambitiously) Al-`Awfi reported that Ibn `Abbas said: "He ﴿in this Ayah﴾ forbade a man to wish for what his companion has.''
(at what We have given to certain classes of them,) Mujahid said: "This refers to the rich.''
The Messenger is a Plain Warner
Allah commanded His Prophet to tell the people:
(I am indeed a plain warner) coming to warn the people of a severe punishment that they will suffer if they reject him, as happened to those nations before them who disbelieved in their Messengers, upon whom Allah sent His punishment and vengeance.
In the two Sahihs it is reported from Abu Musa that the Prophet said: (The parable of myself and that with which Allah has sent me is that of a man who came to his people and said, `O people! I have seen the ﴿invading﴾ army with my own eyes, and I am a naked warner, so escape, escape!' Some of his people obeyed him and set out at nightfall, setting off at a slow pace and managing to escape. Others did not believe him and stayed where they were until the next morning when the ﴿invading﴾ army overtook them and destroyed them, wiping them out. This is the parable of the one who obeys me and follows what I have brought, and the example of the one who disobeys me and rejects the truth that I have brought.)
Explanation of "Al-Muqtasimin
(the Muqtasimin) refers to those who had made a pact to oppose, deny, and insult the Prophets.
Similarly, Allah tells us about the people of Salih: (They said, "Swear to one another ﴿Taqasamu﴾ by Allah that we shall make a secret night attack on him and his household'') ﴿27:49﴾ i.e., they plotted to kill him at night. Mujahid said "Taqasamu means they swore an oath.''
(Who have made the Qur'an into parts.) meaning, they have split up the Books that were revealed to them, believing in parts of them and rejecting parts of them.
Al-Bukhari reported that Ibn `Abbas said, (Who have made the Qur'an into parts.) "They are the People of the Book, who divided the Book into parts, believing in some of it, and rejecting some of it.''
Some have said that Al-Mutaqasimin refers to the Quraysh, that the Qur'an means this Qur'an ﴿as opposed to the Scriptures of the People of the Book﴾, and that "made it into parts'' referred to what `Ata' said that some of them said that he (the Prophet ) was a sorcerer, some said he was crazy, or a soothsayer. These various allegations were the parts. This opinion was also reported from Ad-Dahhak and others.
(Who have made the Qur'an into parts.) meaning, of different types,
(So, by your Lord, We shall certainly call all of them to account. For all that they used to do) Those were the group who said that about the Messenger of Allah .''
(So, by your Lord, We shall certainly call all of them to account. For all that they used to do.) Abu Ja`far reported from Ar-Rabi` that Abu Al-`Aliyah said, "All the people will be asked about two things on the Day of Resurrection: what they used to worship, and what their response was to the Messengers.
The Command to proclaim the Truth openly
Allah commanded His Messenger to convey what He sent him with, to proclaim and spread the Message, which means confronting the idolators with it. Ibn `Abbas said that the Ayah,
(Therefore openly proclaim that what you have been commanded,) means, "Go ahead with it.'' According to another report it means, (افْعَلْ مَا تُؤْمَرُ) "Therefore proclaim that which you commanded.'' Mujahid said, "It is reciting the Qur'an aloud during prayer.'' Abu `Ubaydah reported that `Abdullah bin Mas`ud said, "The Prophet was still practicing and preaching Islam secretly until this Ayah was revealed:
(Therefore openly proclaim that which you are commanded) then he and his Companions came out into the open.''
The Command to turn away from the Idolators, and the Guarantee of Protection against the Mockers
(and turn away from idolators. Truly, We will suffice you against the mockers.) meaning - convey that which has been revealed to you by your Lord, and do not pay attention to the idolators who want to turn you away from the signs of Allah.
(Who make another god along with Allah; but they will come to know.) This is a strong warning and grave threat against those who have other deities along with Allah.
Encouragement to bear Difficulties, and the Command to glorify and worship Allah until Death
(Indeed, We know that your breast becomes tight because of what they say. So glorify the praises of your Lord and be of those who prostrate themselves (to Him).) meaning `We know, O Muhammad, that you are distressed by their insults towards you, but do not let that weaken your resolve or cause you to give up conveying the Message of Allah. Put your trust in Him, for He will suffice you and will support you against them. Keep yourself busy with remembering Allah, praising Him, glorifying Him, and worshipping Him (which means Salah, or prayer)'
(And worship your Lord until the certainty comes to you) (15: 99). Al-Bukhari said: "Salim said, `(This means) death.'''
(And worship your Lord until the certainty comes to you.) is that acts of worship, such as prayer and the like, are obligatory on man so long as his mind is sound, so he should pray according to his best ability.
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