( Source: Ibn Kathir )
(35) And give full measure when you measure, and weigh with a balance that is straight. That is good (advantageous) and better in the end.
(And give full measure when you measure.) meaning, do not try to make it weigh less nor wrong people with their belongings.
(and weigh with a balance) meaning scales,
(that is straight.) meaning that which is not distorted nor that which will cause confusion.
(that is good) for you, in your daily life and in your Hereafter. So Allah says:
(and better in the end.) meaning, with regard to your ultimate end in the Hereafter.
(That is good (advantageous) and better in the end.) Sa`id narrated that Qatadah said that this means "Better in reward and a better end. '' Ibn `Abbas used to say: "O people, you are entrusted with two things for which the people who came before you were destroyed - these weights and measures.''
(36) And follow not (O man i.e., say not, or do not or witness not, etc.) that of which you have no knowledge (e.g. one's saying: "I have seen," while in fact he has not seen, or "I have heard," while he has not heard). Verily! The hearing, and the sight, and the heart, of each of those you will be questioned (by Allah).
Ali bin Abi Talhah reported that Ibn `Abbas said: "This means) do not say (anything of which you have no knowledge).'' Al-`Awfi said: "Do not accuse anyone of that of which you have no knowledge.'' Muhammad bin Al-Hanafiyyah said: "It means bearing false witness.'' Qatadah said: "Do not say, `I have seen', when you did not see anything, or `I have heard', when you did not hear anything, or `I know', when you do not know, for Allah will ask you about all of that.'' In conclusion, what they said means that Allah forbids speaking without knowledge and only on the basis of suspicion, which is mere imagination and illusions.
(each of those ones) means these faculties, hearing, sight and the heart,
(will be questioned.) means, the person will be asked about them on the Day of Resurrection, and they will be asked about him and what he did with them.
(37) And walk not on the earth with conceit and arrogance. Verily, you can neither rend nor penetrate the earth, nor can you attain a stature like the mountains in height.
(38) All the bad aspects of these (the above mentioned things) are hateful to your Lord.
(39) This is (part) of Al-Hikmah (wisdom, good manners and high character, etc.) which your Lord has inspired to you (O Muhammad SAW ). And set not up with Allah any other ilah (god) lest you should be thrown into Hell, blameworthy and rejected, (from Allah's Mercy).
Allah says: `What We have commanded you to do is part of good manners, and what We have forbidden you are evil qualities. We have revealed this to you, O Muhammad, so that you may command the people likewise.'
(And set not up with Allah any other god lest you should be thrown into Hell, blameworthy) meaning, your own self will blame you, as will Allah and His creation.
(rejected) means far removed from everything good. Ibn `Abbas and Qatadah said: "(It means) cast out.'' This is an address to the Ummah via the Messenger , for he is infallible.
(And give full measure when you measure.) meaning, do not try to make it weigh less nor wrong people with their belongings.
(and weigh with a balance) meaning scales,
(that is straight.) meaning that which is not distorted nor that which will cause confusion.
(that is good) for you, in your daily life and in your Hereafter. So Allah says:
(and better in the end.) meaning, with regard to your ultimate end in the Hereafter.
(That is good (advantageous) and better in the end.) Sa`id narrated that Qatadah said that this means "Better in reward and a better end. '' Ibn `Abbas used to say: "O people, you are entrusted with two things for which the people who came before you were destroyed - these weights and measures.''
Do not speak without Knowledge
Ali bin Abi Talhah reported that Ibn `Abbas said: "This means) do not say (anything of which you have no knowledge).'' Al-`Awfi said: "Do not accuse anyone of that of which you have no knowledge.'' Muhammad bin Al-Hanafiyyah said: "It means bearing false witness.'' Qatadah said: "Do not say, `I have seen', when you did not see anything, or `I have heard', when you did not hear anything, or `I know', when you do not know, for Allah will ask you about all of that.'' In conclusion, what they said means that Allah forbids speaking without knowledge and only on the basis of suspicion, which is mere imagination and illusions.
According to a Hadith:
(Beware of suspicion, for suspicion is the falsest of speech.) The following Hadith is found in Sunan Abu Dawud:
(each of those ones) means these faculties, hearing, sight and the heart,
(will be questioned.) means, the person will be asked about them on the Day of Resurrection, and they will be asked about him and what he did with them.
Condemnation of strutting
Allah forbids His servants to strut and walk in a boastful manner:
(And walk not on the earth with conceit and arrogance.) meaning, walking in boastful manner and acting proud, like those who are arrogant oppressors.
(Verily, you can neither rend nor penetrate the earth) means, you cannot penetrate the earth with your walking. This was the opinion of Ibn Jarir.
Everything previously mentioned is Revelation and Wisdom
Allah says: `What We have commanded you to do is part of good manners, and what We have forbidden you are evil qualities. We have revealed this to you, O Muhammad, so that you may command the people likewise.'
(And set not up with Allah any other god lest you should be thrown into Hell, blameworthy) meaning, your own self will blame you, as will Allah and His creation.
(rejected) means far removed from everything good. Ibn `Abbas and Qatadah said: "(It means) cast out.'' This is an address to the Ummah via the Messenger , for he is infallible.
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