( Source: Ibn Kathir )
The Reward of Those who desire this World and Those who desire the Hereafter
(18) Whoever wishes for the quick-passing (transitory enjoyment of this world), We readily grant him what We will for whom We like. Then, afterwards, We have appointed for him Hell, he will burn therein disgraced and rejected, ( far away from Allah's Mercy).
Allah tells us that not everyone who desires this world and its luxuries gets what he wants. That is attained by those whom Allah wants to have it, and they get what He wills that they should get.
(We readily grant him what We will for whom We like. Then, afterwards, We have appointed for him Hell) meaning, in the Hereafter,
(he will burn therein) means, he will enter it until it covers him on all sides,
(disgraced) means, blamed for his bad behaviour and evil deeds, because he chose the transient over the eternal,
(rejected.) means, far away (from Allah's mercy), humiliated and put to shame.
(19) And whoever desires the Hereafter and strives for it, with the necessary effort due for it (i.e. do righteous deeds of Allah's Obedience) while he is a believer (in the Oneness of Allah Islamic Monotheism), then such are the ones whose striving shall be appreciated, thanked and rewarded (by Allah).
(And whoever desires the Hereafter) wanting the Hereafter and its blessings and delights,
(and strives for it, with the necessary effort due for it) seeking it in the right way, which is following the Messenger .
(while he is a believer,) means, his heart has faith, i.e., he believes in the reward and punishment,
(20) To each these as well as those We bestow from the Bounties of your Lord. And the Bounties of your Lord can never be forbidden.
On each meaning, on each of the two groups, those who desire this world and those who desire the Hereafter, We bestow what they want.
(from the bounties of your Lord.) means, He is the One Who is in control of all things, and He is never unjust. He gives to each what he deserves, whether it is eternal happiness or doom. His decree is unstoppable, no one can withhold what He gives or change what He wants.
(And the bounties of your Lord can never be forbidden.) meaning, no one can withhold or prevent them.
(And the bounties of your Lord can never be forbidden.) "(It means) they can never decrease''.
(21) See how We prefer one above another (in this world) and verily, the Hereafter will be greater in degrees and greater in preference.
(See how We prefer one above another,) meaning in this world, so that some are rich and some are poor, and others are in between; some are beautiful, some are ugly and others are in between; some die young while others live to a great age, and some die in between.
(and verily, the Hereafter will be greater in degrees and greater in preferment.) means, the differences between them in the Hereafter will be greater than the differences between them in this world. Some of them will be in varying levels of Hell, in chains and fetters, while others will be in the lofty degrees of Paradise, with its blessings and delights. The people of Hell will vary in their positions and levels, just as the people of Paradise will. In Paradise there are one hundred levels, and the distance between one level and another is like the distance between heaven and earth.
(22) Set not up with Allah any other ilah (god), (O man)! (This verse is addressed to Prophet Muhammad SAW , but its implication is general to all mankind), or you will sit down reproved, forsaken (in the Hell-fire).
Addressing those who are responsible among this Ummah, Allah says, "Do not admit any partner into your worship of your Lord.''
(or you will sit down reproved,) meaning, because of associating others with Him.
(forsaken.) means, because the Lord, may He be exalted, will not help you; He will leave you to the one whom you worshipped, and he has no power either to benefit or to harm, because the Only One Who has the power to benefit or to harm is Allah alone, with no partner or associate.
Imam Ahmad reported that `Abdullah bin Mas`ud said: "The Messenger of Allah said: (Whoever is afflicted with poverty and goes and asks people for help, will never get rid of his poverty, but if he asks Allah for help, then Allah will grant him the means of independence sooner or later.) This was also recorded by Abu Dawud and At-Tirmidhi, who said, "Hasan Sahih Gharib''.
The Reward of Those who desire this World and Those who desire the Hereafter
Allah tells us that not everyone who desires this world and its luxuries gets what he wants. That is attained by those whom Allah wants to have it, and they get what He wills that they should get.
(We readily grant him what We will for whom We like. Then, afterwards, We have appointed for him Hell) meaning, in the Hereafter,
(he will burn therein) means, he will enter it until it covers him on all sides,
(disgraced) means, blamed for his bad behaviour and evil deeds, because he chose the transient over the eternal,
(rejected.) means, far away (from Allah's mercy), humiliated and put to shame.
(And whoever desires the Hereafter) wanting the Hereafter and its blessings and delights,
(and strives for it, with the necessary effort due for it) seeking it in the right way, which is following the Messenger .
(while he is a believer,) means, his heart has faith, i.e., he believes in the reward and punishment,
On each meaning, on each of the two groups, those who desire this world and those who desire the Hereafter, We bestow what they want.
(from the bounties of your Lord.) means, He is the One Who is in control of all things, and He is never unjust. He gives to each what he deserves, whether it is eternal happiness or doom. His decree is unstoppable, no one can withhold what He gives or change what He wants.
(And the bounties of your Lord can never be forbidden.) meaning, no one can withhold or prevent them.
(And the bounties of your Lord can never be forbidden.) "(It means) they can never decrease''.
(See how We prefer one above another,) meaning in this world, so that some are rich and some are poor, and others are in between; some are beautiful, some are ugly and others are in between; some die young while others live to a great age, and some die in between.
(and verily, the Hereafter will be greater in degrees and greater in preferment.) means, the differences between them in the Hereafter will be greater than the differences between them in this world. Some of them will be in varying levels of Hell, in chains and fetters, while others will be in the lofty degrees of Paradise, with its blessings and delights. The people of Hell will vary in their positions and levels, just as the people of Paradise will. In Paradise there are one hundred levels, and the distance between one level and another is like the distance between heaven and earth.
Do not associate Anything in Worship with Allah
Addressing those who are responsible among this Ummah, Allah says, "Do not admit any partner into your worship of your Lord.''
(or you will sit down reproved,) meaning, because of associating others with Him.
(forsaken.) means, because the Lord, may He be exalted, will not help you; He will leave you to the one whom you worshipped, and he has no power either to benefit or to harm, because the Only One Who has the power to benefit or to harm is Allah alone, with no partner or associate.
Imam Ahmad reported that `Abdullah bin Mas`ud said: "The Messenger of Allah said: (Whoever is afflicted with poverty and goes and asks people for help, will never get rid of his poverty, but if he asks Allah for help, then Allah will grant him the means of independence sooner or later.) This was also recorded by Abu Dawud and At-Tirmidhi, who said, "Hasan Sahih Gharib''.
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