Source: Ibn Kathir
(O my son! Perform the Salah,) meaning, offer the prayer properly at the appointed times.
(enjoin the good, and forbid the evil,) meaning, to the best of your ability and strength.
(and bear with patience whatever befalls you.) Luqman knew that whoever enjoins what is good and forbids what is evil, will inevitably encounter harm and annoyance from people, so he told him to be patient.
(Verily, these are some of the important commandments.) means, being patient when people cause harm or annoyance is one of the most important commandments.
(And turn not your face away from men with pride) means, `do not turn your face away from people when you speak to them or they speak to you, looking down on them in an arrogant fashion. Rather be gentle towards them and greet them with a cheerful face,' as it says in the Hadith:
(... even if it is only by greeting your brother with a cheerful countenance. And beware of letting your lower garment trail below your ankles, for this is a kind of boasting, and Allah does not like boasting.)
(nor walk in insolence through the earth.) means, `do not be boastful, arrogant, proud and stubborn. Do not do that, for Allah will hate you.' So he said:
(Verily, Allah likes not any arrogant boaster.) meaning, one who shows off and admires himself, feeling that he is better than others.
And Allah says:
(And walk not on the earth with conceit and arrogance. Verily, you can neither rend nor penetrate the earth nor can you attain a stature like the mountains in height.) (17:37). We have already discussed this is detail in the appropriate place.
The Command to be Moderate in Walking
(And be moderate in your walking,) means, walk in a moderate manner, neither slow and lazy nor excessively fast, but be moderate, somewhere in between these two extremes.
(and lower your voice.) means, do not exaggerate in your speaking and do not raise your voice unnecessarily.
Allah says:
(Verily, the harshest of all voices is the braying of the asses.) Mujahid and others said, "The most ugly of voices is the voice of the donkey, i.e., when a person raises his voice, the resulting noise is like the voice of a donkey in its loudness. Moreover this is hateful to Allah. Likening a loud voice to that of a donkey implies that it is forbidden and extremely blameworthy,
This is very useful advice, which the Qur'an tells us about Luqman. Many other proverbs and words of advice were also narrated from him, some examples of which we will quote below, as basic principles:
Imam Ahmad recorded that Ibn `Umar said, "The Messenger of Allah said:(Luqman the Wise used to say: when something is entrusted to the care of Allah, He protects it.) It was narrated that As-Sari bin Yahya said: "Luqman said to his son: `Wisdom puts the poor in the company of kings.''' It was also narrated that `Awn bin `Abdullah said: "Luqman said to his son: `O my son! When you come to a gathering of people, greet them with Salam, then sit at the edge of the group, and do not speak until you see that they have finished speaking. Then if they remember Allah, join them, but if they speak of anything else, then leave them and go to another group'.''
Reminder of Blessings Here
Allah reminds His creation of the blessings He bestows upon them in this world and the Hereafter. In the heavens He has subjugated for them the stars which give them light during the night and during the day, and He has created clouds, rain, snow and hail, and made the heavens a canopy which covers and protects them. On earth He has created for them stability and rivers, trees, crops and fruits; He has completed and perfected His graces upon them, apparent and hidden, by sending Messengers, revealing Books and removing doubts and excuses. Yet despite all this, not all the people believe, and indeed there are those who dispute concerning Allah, that is, His Tawhid, and His sending the Messengers. Their dispute is without knowledge and they have no sound evidence or valid inherited Book.
Allah says:
(And among men is he who disputes about Allah, without knowledge or guidance, or a Book giving light (from Allah).) (22:8) meaning clear and unambiguous.
(And when it is said to them) means, to these people who dispute about the Oneness of Allah.
("Follow that which Allah has sent down,'') means, the pure Divine Laws that He has sent down to His Messengers,
(they say: "Nay, we shall follow that which we found our fathers (following).'') means, they have no other proof except the fact that they are following their forefathers. Allah says:
(Even though their fathers did not understand anything nor were they guided) (2:170) meaning, `what do you think, you who take the forefathers' deeds as proof, that they were misguided and you are following in their footsteps'
Allah says:
(Even if Shaytan invites them to the torment of the Fire)
Allah tells us that whoever submits his face to Allah, i.e., does deeds sincerely for His sake, submits to His commandments and follows His Laws,
(while he is a Muhsin) i.e., doing what his Lord has commanded and abstaining from what He has forbidden,
(then he has grasped the most trustworthy handhold.) means, he has received a firm promise from Allah that He will not punish him.
(And to Allah return all matters for decision. And whoever disbelieves, let not his disbelief grieve you.) means, `do not grieve over them, O Muhammad, because they disbelieve in Allah and in the Message you have brought, for their return will be to Allah and He will tell them what they used to do,' i.e., He will punish them for it.
(Verily, Allah is the All-Knower of what is in the breasts.) and nothing whatsoever is hidden from Him.
(We let them enjoy for a little while,) means, in this world,
(then in the end We shall oblige them) means, `We shall cause them,'
(to (enter) a great torment.) means, a torment that is terrifying and difficult to bear.
This is like the Ayah,
("Verily, those who invent a lie against Allah, will never be successful.'' Enjoyment in this world! and then unto Us will be their return, then We shall make them taste the severest torment because they used to disbelieve.) (10:69-70)
The Idolators admitted that Allah is the Creator
Allah tells us that these idolators who associated others with Him admitted that Allah Alone, with no partner or associate, is the Creator of heaven and earth yet they still worshipped others besides Him who they recognized were created by Him and subjugated to Him.
Allah says:
(And if you ask them: "Who has created the heavens and the earth,'' they will certainly say: "Allah.'' Say: "All the praises and thanks be to Allah!'') By their admitting that, proof is established against them,
(But most of them know not.)
Then Allah says:
(To Allah belongs whatsoever is in the heavens and the earth.) meaning, He created it and has dominion over it.
(Verily, Allah, He is Al-Ghani, Worthy of all praise.) means, He has no need of anyone or anything besides Himself, and everything else is in need of Him. He is Worthy of praise for all that He has created, so praise be to Him in the heavens and on earth for all that He has created and decreed, and He is worthy of praise in all affairs.
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