Source: Ibn Kathir
| Evidence of Life after Death |
Often Allah refers to the Resurrection by using the analogy of the earth coming back to life after it has died, as in the beginning of Surat Al-Hajj, where He urges His servants to draw the lesson of the former from the latter. For the earth is dead and lifeless, with nothing growing in it, then He sends to it clouds which bring water, which He sends down upon it,
(it is stirred (to life), and it swells and puts forth every lovely kind (of growth)) (22:5).
So too, when Allah wishes to resurrect the bodies, He will send rain from beneath the Throne which will cover the whole earth, and the bodies will grow in their graves like seeds grow in the earth. It says in the Sahih: (Every part of the son of Adam will disintegrate apart from the coccyx, from which he was created and from him, he will be made anew.) Allah says:
As such (will be) the Resurrection! According to the Had0th of Abu Razn: I said, O Messenger of Alla0h, how will Alla0h bring the dead back to life? What is the sign of that in His creation? He said:
(O Abu Razin, do you not pass through the valley of your people (and see it) arid and barren, then you pass through it (and see it) stirred (to life) and green) I said, `Yes.' He said:
(Thus will Allah bring the dead back to life.)''
| Honour, Power and Glory in this World and in the Hereafter come only by obeying Allah |
(Whosoever desires Al-`Izzah then to Allah belongs all Al-`Izzah.) means, whoever desires honor, power and glory in this world and the next, let him be obedient towards Allah, may He be exalted. This will help him reach his goal, for Allah is the Sovereign of this world and the Hereafter, and to Him belong all honour, power and glory.
This is like the Ayat:
(Those who take disbelievers for protectors instead of believers, do they seek Al-`Izzah with them Verily, then to Allah belongs all honour, power and glory.) (4:139)
(And let not their speech grieve you, for all Al-`Izzah belongs to Allah) (10:65).
(But Al-`Izzah belongs to Allah, and to His Messenger, and to the believers, but the hypocrites know not) (63:8). Mujahid said:
(Whosoever desires Al-`Izzah) means, by worshipping idols,
(then to Allah belongs Al-`Izzah).
(Whosoever desires Al-`Izzah then to Allah belongs Al-`Izzah.) means, let him seek honour, power and glory through obeying Allah, may He be glorified.
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| Righteous Deeds ascend to Allah |
(To Him ascend the good words,) means, words of remembrance, recitation of Qur'an, and supplications. This was the view of more than one of the Salaf. Ibn Jarir recorded that Al-Mukhariq bin Sulaym said that "`Abdullah bin Mas`ud, may Allah be pleased with him, said to them, "If we tell you a Hadith, we will bring you proof of it from the Book of Allah. When the Muslim servants says, `Glory and praise be to Allah, there is no god worthy of worship except Allah, Allah is Most Great and blessed be Allah,' an angel takes these words and puts them under his wing, then he ascends with them to the heaven. He does not take them past any group of angels but they seek forgiveness for the one who said them, until he brings them before Allah, may He be glorified.'' Then `Abdullah, may Allah be pleased with him, recited: (To Him ascend the good words, and the righteous deeds exalt it).''
Imam Ahmad recorded that An-Nu`man bin Bashir, may Allah be pleased with him, said, "The Messenger of Allah said: (Those who remember Allah and glory Allah by saying, `Glory be to Allah, Allah is most Great, all praise is due to Allah and La ilaha illallah, these words go around the Throne buzzing like bees, mentioning those who said them. Would one of you not like to have something with Allah mentioning him)'' This was also recorded by Ibn Majah.
(and the righteous deeds exalt it.) Ali bin Abi Talhah reported that Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, said, The good word is the remembrance of Allah, may He be exalted, which is taken up to Allah, and the righteous deed is the performance of obligatory duties. Whoever remembers Alla0h when doing an obligatory duty, his deed carries his remembrance of Allah and takes it up to Alla0h, may He be exalted. Whoever remembers Allah and does not perform the obligatory duties, his words will be rejected, as will his deed.
but those who plot evils, Mujahid, Sa d bin Jubayr and Shahr bin H?awshab said, This refers to those who show off by their actions, i.e., they deceive the people by giving the impression that they are obeying Allah when in fact they are hated by Allah for showing off.
Allah says:
(theirs will be severe torment. And the plotting of such will perish.) meaning, it will fail and vanish, for their reality is apparent from up close to those who have insight and wisdom. No one conceals a secret but Allah will cause it to become known, on his face or by a slip of the tongue, or He will cause the person to wear it like a cloak (so that everyone will see it). If it is good, then the consequences will be good, and if it is bad, then the consequences will be bad. The person who shows off cannot continue to deceive anyone but the fool, but the believers who have insight are not deceived by that; from up close, they soon discover it. And nothing at all can be hidden from the Knower of the Unseen (Allah).
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| Allah is the Creator and Knower of the Unseen |
(And Allah did create you from dust, then from Nutfah,) means, He initiated the creation of your father Adam from dust, then He created his offspring from semen of worthless water.
then He made you pairs. means, male and female, as a kindness and a mercy from Him, He gave you partners from your own kind, that you may find repose in them.
(And no female conceives or gives birth but with His knowledge.) means, He knows about that and nothing is hidden from Him at all, but,
(not a leaf falls, but He knows it. There is not a grain in the darkness of the earth nor anything fresh or dry, but is written in a Clear Record.) (6:59) We have already discussed in this respect in the Ayah:
(Allah knows what every female bears, and by how much the wombs fall short or exceed. Everything with Him is in (due) proportion. All-Knower of the unseen and the seen, the Most Great, the Most High.) (13:8-9).
(And no aged man is granted a length of life nor is a part cut off from his life, but is in a Book.) means, some of those sperms are granted a long life, which He knows and it is recorded with Him in the First Book.
(nor is a part cut off from his life,) Here the pronoun (his) refers to mankind in general, not to a specific person because the long life which is recorded in the Book and is known by Allah will not be cut off. It was reported via Al- Awfi that Ibn Abbas said concerning the Ayah,
(And no aged man is granted a length of life nor is a part cut off from his life, but is in a Book. Surely, that is easy for Allah.) There is no one for whom Allah has decreed a long life but he will reach the age that has been decreed for him. When he reaches the time that has been decreed for him, he will not surpass it. And there is no one for whom Allah has decreed a short life but it will end when he reaches the age that has been decreed for him. Allah says:
(nor is a part cut off from his life, but is in a Book. Surely, that is easy for Allah.) He said, "That is recorded in a Book with Him.'' This was also the view of Ad-Dahhak bin Muzahim. On the other hand, some of them said, "The phrase
(And no aged man is granted a length of life) means, what He decrees for him of life, and
nor is a part cut off from his life means, his time is constantly decreasing. All of this is known to Allah year after year, month after month, week after week, day after day, hour after hour. Everything is written with Allah in His Book. This was reported by Ibn Jar0r from Abu Malik and was also the view of As-Suddi and At Al-Khurasani.
In the Tafsir of this Ayah, An-Nasa'i recorded that Anas bin Malik, may Allah be pleased with him, said, "I heard the Messenger of Allah say: (Whoever would like to have ample provision and a long life, let him uphold the ties of kinship.)'' It was also recorded by Al-Bukhari, Muslim and Abu Dawud.
(Surely, that is easy for Allah. )means, that is very easy for Him, and He has detailed knowledge of all His creation, for His knowledge encompasses all things, and nothing at all is hidden from Him.
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| The Blessings and Signs of Allah |
Allah says, pointing out His mighty power in creating different things, how He has created the two seas
(kinds of water). The fresh, palatable sea (kind of water) refers to the rivers which flow among people, rivers great and small according to people's needs in all regions and areas and lands. This water is sweet and palatable for whoever wants to drink it.
(and that is salty and bitter.) means, unpalatable. This is the ocean in which the big ships sail, and is salty and undrinkable.
Allah says:
(and that is salty and bitter.)
Then Allah says:
(And from them both you eat fresh tender meat,) meaning, fish.
(and derive the ornaments that you wear.) This is like the Ayah:
(Out of them both come out pearl and coral. Then which of the blessings of your Lord will you both (Jinn and men) deny) (55:22-23).
(And you see the ships cleaving,) means, they travel through it, ploughing through the water with their beak-shaped bows. Muja0hid said, The wind drives the ships, and the wind cannot drive any ships except the big ones.
(that you may seek of His bounty,) means, through your journeys, to engage in trade from one land to another.
(and that you may give thanks.) means, that you may give thanks to your Lord for subjugating this mighty creation -- the sea -- to you so that you can travel with it as you wish and go wherever you want, and nothing stops you? His power has subjugated for you whatever is in the heavens and on earth, and all of this is by His grace and mercy.
| The gods of the Idolators do not even own a Qitmir |
Another aspect of His perfect power and might is that He has subjugated the night with its darkness and the day with its light. He takes from the length of the one and adds it to the shortness of the other, until they become equal. Then He takes from the latter and adds to the former, so one becomes long and the other becomes short, so they take from one another in summer and in winter.
(And He has subjected the sun and the moon,) and the stars and planets, with their light. All of them run in their appointed courses and in the manner prescribed for them, as decreed by the Almighty, All-Knowing.
(each runs its course for a term appointed. )means, until the Day of Resurrection.
(Such is Allah, your Lord?) means, the One Who has done all this is the Almighty Lord besides Whom there is no other true God.
(And those, whom you invoke or call upon instead of Him,) means, `the idols and false gods whom you claim to be in the form of angels who are close to Allah,'
(own not even a Qitmr). Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, Mujahid, Ikrimah, Ata , Atiyah Al- Awfi, Al-Hasan, Qatadah and others said, This is the thread that is attached to the pit of a date. In other words, they do not possess anything in the heavens or on earth, not even anything equivalent to this Qitmir.
(If you invoke them, they hear not your call;) means, `the gods upon whom you call instead of Allah, do not hear your supplication, because they are inanimate and have no soul in them.'
(and if (in case) they were to hear, they could not grant it to you.) means, `they are not able to do any of the things that you ask them for.'
(And on the Day of Resurrection, they will disown your worshipping them) means, `they will disown you.'
This is like the Ayat:
(And who is more astray than one who calls on besides Allah, such as will not answer him till the Day of Resurrection, and who are (even) unaware of their calls to them And when mankind are gathered, they (false deities) will become their enemies and will deny their worshipping.) (46:5-6), and
(And they have taken gods besides Allah, that they might give them honor, power and glory. Nay, but they will deny their worship of them, and become opponents to them.) (19:81-82)
(And none can inform you like Him Who is the All-Knower.) means, no one can tell you about the consequences of things and how they will end like the One Who is the All-Knower of them. Qatadah said, "He is referring to Himself, may He be blessed and exalted, for He undoubtedly tells the truth.''
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