( Source: Ibn Kathir )
(104) Know they not that Allah accepts repentance from His slaves and takes the Sadaqat (alms, charities) and that Allah Alone is the One Who forgives and accepts repentance, Most Merciful?
(Know they not that Allah accepts repentance from His servants and accepts the Sadaqat) This Ayah encourages reverting to repentance and giving charity, for each of these actions erases, deletes and eradicate sins. Allah states that He accepts the repentance of those who repent to Him, as well as charity from pure resources, for Allah accepts it with His Right Hand and raises it for its giver until even a date becomes as large as Mount Uhud.
Abu Hurayrah narrated that the Messenger of Allah said, (Verily, Allah accepts charity, receives it in His Right Hand and develops it for its giver, just as one of you raises his pony, until the bite ﴿of food﴾ becomes as large as Uhud.)
(Allah will destroy Riba and will give increase for Sadaqat.) ﴿2:276﴾
`Abdullah bin Mas`ud said, "Charity falls in Allah's Hand before it falls in the needy's hand,''
(105) And say (O Muhammad SAW) "Do deeds! Allah will see your deeds, and (so will) His Messenger and the believers. And you will be brought back to the All-Knower of the unseen and the seen. Then He will inform you of what you used to do."
(Do deeds! Allah will see your deeds, and (so will) His Messenger and the believers.)
(106) And others await Allah's Decree, whether He will punish them or will forgive them. And Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise.
The three who were made to wait to know if their repentance was accepted; Mararah bin Ar-Rabi`, Ka`b bin Malik and Hilal bin Umayyah.
Some Companions stayed behind from the battle of Tabuk due to laziness, preferring comfort, ease, ripe fruits and shade. They did not lag behind because of hypocrisy or doubts. Some of them tied themselves to the pillars (of the Masjid) like Abu Lubabah and several of his friends did. Some of them did not do that, and they are the three mentioned here. Those who tied themselves received their pardon before these three men whose pardon was delayed, until this Ayah was revealed, (Allah has forgiven the Prophet, the Muhajirin and the Ansar...)
(whether He will punish them or will forgive them. ) meaning, they are at Allah's mercy, if He wills, He pardons them or punishes them. However, Allah's mercy comes before His anger,
(And Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise.) ﴿9:106﴾ Allah knows those who deserve the punishment and those who deserve the pardon. He is All-Wise in His actions and statements, there is no deity worthy of worship nor Lord besides Him.
(Know they not that Allah accepts repentance from His servants and accepts the Sadaqat) This Ayah encourages reverting to repentance and giving charity, for each of these actions erases, deletes and eradicate sins. Allah states that He accepts the repentance of those who repent to Him, as well as charity from pure resources, for Allah accepts it with His Right Hand and raises it for its giver until even a date becomes as large as Mount Uhud.
Abu Hurayrah narrated that the Messenger of Allah said, (Verily, Allah accepts charity, receives it in His Right Hand and develops it for its giver, just as one of you raises his pony, until the bite ﴿of food﴾ becomes as large as Uhud.)
(Allah will destroy Riba and will give increase for Sadaqat.) ﴿2:276﴾
`Abdullah bin Mas`ud said, "Charity falls in Allah's Hand before it falls in the needy's hand,''
Warning the Disobedient
(Do deeds! Allah will see your deeds, and (so will) His Messenger and the believers.)
(That Day shall you be brought to Judgement, not a secret of you will be hidden.) ﴿69:18﴾,
(The Day when all the secrets will be examined.)﴿86:9﴾
(And that which is in the breasts (of men) shall be made known.)﴿100:10﴾
Imam Ahmad recorded that Anas said that the Messenger of Allah said, (Do not be pleased with someone's deeds until you see what his deeds in the end will be like. Verily, one might work for some time of his life with good deeds, so that if he dies while doing it, he will enter Paradise. However, he changes and commits evil deeds. one might commit evil deeds for some time in his life, so that if he dies while doing them he will enter the Fire. However, he changes and performs good deeds. If Allah wants the good of a servant He employs him before he dies.) He was asked, "How would Allah employ him, O Allah's Messenger'' He said, (He directs him to perform good deeds and takes his life in that condition.)
Delaying the Decision about the Three Companions Who stayed away from the Battle of Tabuk
The three who were made to wait to know if their repentance was accepted; Mararah bin Ar-Rabi`, Ka`b bin Malik and Hilal bin Umayyah.
Some Companions stayed behind from the battle of Tabuk due to laziness, preferring comfort, ease, ripe fruits and shade. They did not lag behind because of hypocrisy or doubts. Some of them tied themselves to the pillars (of the Masjid) like Abu Lubabah and several of his friends did. Some of them did not do that, and they are the three mentioned here. Those who tied themselves received their pardon before these three men whose pardon was delayed, until this Ayah was revealed, (Allah has forgiven the Prophet, the Muhajirin and the Ansar...)
(whether He will punish them or will forgive them. ) meaning, they are at Allah's mercy, if He wills, He pardons them or punishes them. However, Allah's mercy comes before His anger,
(And Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise.) ﴿9:106﴾ Allah knows those who deserve the punishment and those who deserve the pardon. He is All-Wise in His actions and statements, there is no deity worthy of worship nor Lord besides Him.
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