Surah At Taubah Notes (94-97)

( Source: Ibn Kathir )

Exposing the Deceitful Ways of Hypocrites

 (94)  They (the hypocrites) will present their excuses to you (Muslims), when you return to them. Say (O Muhammad SAW) "Present no excuses, we shall not believe you. Allah has already informed us of the news concerning you. Allah and His Messenger will observe your deeds. In the end you will be brought back to the All-Knower of the unseen and the seen, then He (Allah) will inform you of what you used to do." [Tafsir At-Tabari]

(9:94:1) yaʿtadhirūna They will make excuses

V – 3rd person masculine plural (form VIII) imperfect verb PRON – subject pronoun فعل مضارع والواو ضمير متصل في محل رفع فاعل

(9:94:4) rajaʿtum you (have) returned

V – 2nd person masculine plural perfect verb PRON – subject pronoun فعل ماض والتاء ضمير متصل في محل رفع فاعل

(9:94:8) taʿtadhirū make excuse,

V – 2nd person masculine plural (form VIII) imperfect verb, jussive mood PRON – subject pronoun فعل مضارع مجزوم والواو ضمير متصل في محل رفع فاعل

(9:94:13) nabba-anā Allah (has) informed us

V – 3rd person masculine singular (form II) perfect verb PRON – 1st person plural object pronoun فعل ماض و«نا» ضمير متصل في محل نصب مفعول به

(9:94:16) akhbārikum your news,		N – genitive masculine plural noun PRON – 2nd person masculine plural possessive pronoun اسم مجرور والكاف ضمير متصل في محل جر بالاضافة
(9:94:17) wasayarā and Allah will see		CONJ – prefixed conjunction wa (and) FUT – prefixed future particle sa V – 3rd person masculine singular imperfect verb, subjunctive mood الواو عاطفة حرف استقبال فعل مضارع منصوب

9:94:22) turaddūna you will be brought back

V – 2nd person masculine plural passive imperfect verb PRON – subject pronoun فعل مضارع مبني للمجهول والواو ضمير متصل في محل رفع نائب فاعل

(9:94:27) fayunabbi-ukum then He will inform you

REM – prefixed resumption particle V – 3rd person masculine singular (form II) imperfect verb PRON – 2nd person masculine plural object pronoun الفاء استئنافية

(In the end you will be brought back to the All-Knower of the unseen and the seen, then He (Allah) will inform you of what you used to do.) Allah will inform you of your deeds, whether they were good or evil, and will recompense you for them. Allah said that the hypocrites will swear to the believers in apology, so that the believers turn away from them without admonishing them. Therefore, Allah ordered disgracing them by turning away from them, for they are.

(95) They will swear by Allah to you (Muslims) when you return to them, that you may turn away from them. So turn away from them. Surely, they are Rijsun [i.e. Najasun (impure) because of their evil deeds], and Hell is their dwelling place, - a recompense for that which they used to earn.

(9:95:1) sayaḥlifūna They will swear

حرف استقبالFUT – prefixed future particle sa V – 3rd person masculine plural imperfect verb PRON – subject pronoun فعل مضارع والواو ضمير متصل في محل رفع فاعل

(9:95:5) inqalabtum you returned

V – 2nd person masculine plural (form VII) perfect verb PRON – subject pronoun فعل ماض والتاء ضمير متصل في محل رفع فاعل

(9:95:7) lituʿ'riḍū that you may turn away

PRP – prefixed particle of purpose lām V – 2nd person masculine plural (form IV) imperfect verb, subjunctive mood PRON – subject pronoun اللام لام التعليل فعل مضارع منصوب والواو ضمير متصل في محل رفع فاعل

(9:95:9) fa-aʿriḍū So turn away

REM – prefixed resumption particle V – 2nd person masculine plural (form IV) imperative verb PRON – subject pronoun الفاء استئنافية فعل أمر والواو ضمير متصل في محل رفع فاعل

(9:95:12) rij'sun (are) impure

N – nominative masculine indefinite noun اسم مرفوع

(Rijs) meaning, impure inwardly and in their creed. Their destination in the end will be Jahannam,

(96) They (the hypocrites) swear to you (Muslims) that you may be pleased with them, but if you are pleased with them, certainly Allah is not pleased with the people who are Al-Fasiqun (rebellious, disobedient to Allah).

(9:96:1) yaḥlifūna They swear

V – 3rd person masculine plural imperfect verb PRON – subject pronoun فعل مضارع والواو ضمير متصل في محل رفع فاعل

(9:96:3) litarḍaw that you may be pleased

PRP – prefixed particle of purpose lām V – 2nd person masculine plural imperfect verb, subjunctive mood PRON – subject pronoun اللام لام التعليل فعل مضارع منصوب والواو ضمير متصل في محل رفع فاعل

(9:96:6) tarḍaw you are pleased

V – 2nd person masculine plural imperfect verb, subjunctive mood PRON – subject pronoun فعل مضارع منصوب والواو ضمير متصل في محل رفع فاعل

(9:96:11) yarḍā (is) not pleased

V – 3rd person masculine singular imperfect verb, subjunctive mood فعل مضارع منصوب

(certainly Allah is not pleased with the people who are Fasiqin.) who rebel against the obedience of Allah and His Messenger . `Fisq', means, `deviation'.

The Bedouins are the Worst in Disbelief and Hypocrisy

(97) The bedouins are the worst in disbelief and hypocrisy, and more likely to be in ignorance of the limits (Allah's Commandments and His Legal Laws, etc.) which Allah has revealed to His Messenger. And Allah is All-Knower, All-Wise.

(9:97:1) al-aʿrābu The bedouins

N – nominative masculine plural noun → Bedouin اسم مرفوع

(9:97:5) wa-ajdaru and more likely

CONJ – prefixed conjunction wa (and) N – nominative masculine singular noun الواو عاطفة اسم مرفوع

(9:97:8) ḥudūda (the) limits

N – accusative masculine plural noun اسم منصوب

Allah states that there are disbelievers, hypocrites and believers among the bedouins. He also states that the disbelief and hypocrisy of the bedouins is worse and deeper than the disbelief and hypocrisy of others. They are the most likely of being ignorant of the commandments that Allah has revealed to His Messenger .

 Al-A`mash narrated that Ibrahim said, "A bedouin man sat next to Zayd bin Sawhan while he was speaking to his friends. Zayd had lost his hand during the battle of Nahawand. The bedouin man said, `By Allah! I like your speech. However, your hand causes me suspicion.' Zayd said, `Why are you suspicious because of my hand, it is the left hand ﴿that is cut﴾' The bedouin man said, `By Allah! I do not know which hand they cut off (for committing theft), is it the right or the left' Zayd bin Sawhan said, `Allah has said the truth,

(The bedouins are the worst in disbelief and hypocrisy, and more likely to not know the limits which Allah has revealed to His Messenger.)'' Imam Ahmad narrated that Ibn `Abbas said that the Messenger of Allah said, (He who lives in the desert becomes hard-hearted, he who follows the game becomes heedless, and he who associates with the rulers falls into Fitnah.)