Source: Ibn Kathir
(He it is Who has made you successors generations after generations in the earth,) meaning, all people succeed one another, generation after generation.
This is like the Ayah:
(and makes you inheritors of the earth, generations after generations) (27:62).
(so whosoever disbelieves, on him will be his disbelief.) means, he and no one else will have to bear the consequences of that.
(And the disbelief of the disbelievers adds nothing but hatred of their Lord.) means, the longer they persist in their disbelief, the more Allah hates them, and the longer they persist in it, the more they and their families will lose on the Day of Resurrection. This is in contrast to the believers, for the longer they live and do good deeds, the higher their status in Paradise will be, the greater their reward, and the more beloved they will be to their Creator.
| The Helplessness of the false gods and the Power of Allah |
Allah tells His Messenger to say to the idolators:
(Have you considered your partners whom you call upon besides Allah) the idols and rivals.
(Show Me what they have created of the earth. Or have they any share in the heavens) meaning, they have nothing at all of that, they do not possess even the membrane covering the stone of a date.
(Or have We given them a Book, so that they act on clear proof therefrom) meaning, `have We revealed to them a Book on which they base their Shirk and disbelief' This is not the case at all.
(Nay, the wrongdoers promise one another nothing but delusions.) means, they are merely following their own whims, opinions and wishes which are their personal desires, and they are no more than misguidance and falsehood. Then Allah tells us of His mighty power, by which the heavens and the earth stand by His command, and the forces that He has placed between them to hold them.
He says:
(Verily, Allah grasps the heavens and the earth lest they should move away from their places,) means, lest they should shift from where they are.
This is like the Ayat:
(He withholds the heaven from falling on the earth except by His leave) (22:65), and
(And among His signs is that the heaven and the earth stand by His command) (30:25).
(and if they were to move away from their places, there is not one that could grasp them after Him.) means, no one can make them stay and preserve them except Him. He is Ever Most Forbearing and Oft-Forgiving because He sees His servants disbelieving in Him and disobeying Him, yet He is patient and gives them time, He waits and does not hasten the punishment, and He conceals the faults of others and forgives them.
He says:
(Truly, He is Ever Most Forbearing, Oft-Forgiving.)
| They longed for a Warner to come, but when He came, They disbelieved in Him |
Allah tells us how Quraysh and the Arabs swore by Allah their most binding oath before the Messenger came to them,
(that if a warner came to them, they would be more guided than any of the nations;) i.e., than any of the nations to whom Messengers had been sent. This was the view of Ad-Dahhak and others.
This is like the Ayat:
(Lest you (pagan Arabs) should say: "The Book was sent down only to two sects before us, and for our part, we were in fact unaware of what they studied.'' Or lest you should say: "If only the Book had been sent down to us, we would surely have been better guided than they.'' So, now has come unto you a clear proof from your Lord, and a guidance and a mercy. Who then does more wrong than one who rejects the Ayat of Allah and turns away therefrom) (6:156-157)
(And indeed they (Arab pagans) used to say: "If we had a reminder as had the men of old, We would have indeed been the chosen servants of Allah!'' But they disbelieve therein, so they will come to know!) (37:167-170)
Allah says:
(yet when a warner came to them,) -- meaning, Muhammad with the Book revealed to him, i.e., the Clear Qur'an,
(it increased in them nothing but flight (from the truth).) means, they only increased in their disbelief.
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