Source: Ibn Kathir
(Have you seen him who takes his own lust as his god), who abides by his lust, and whatever his lust portrays as good he implements it, and whatever his lust portrays as evil, he abandons it! Allah's statement,
(And Allah left him astray with knowledge, ) has two meanings. One of them is that Allah knew that this person deserves to be misguided, so He left him astray. The second meaning is that Allah led this person astray after knowledge reached him and the proof was established before him. The second meaning includes the first meaning, but not the opposite.
Allah said,
(and sealed his hearing and his heart, and put a cover on his sight.) so he does not hear what benefits him, understands not what would lead him to the guidance and sees not the evidence with which he can be enlightened.
This is why Allah said,
(Who then will guide him after Allah Will you not then remember) Allah said in a similar Ayah,
| The Conviction of the Disbelievers, Their Argument and the Refutation of it |
Allah mentions here the creed of Ad-Dahriyyah and the Arab idolators who embraced their creed, denying Resurrection,
(And they say: "There is nothing but our life of this world, we die and we live....'') They say that there is only this life, some people die while others are born to life, without Resurrection or Judgement. This was the creed of Arab idolators who used to deny Resurrection, in addition to, the creed of the atheist philosophers among them who denied the creation and Resurrection. This was also the statement of atheist philosophers who deny the Creator and think that the world will return to its original form once every thirty--six thousand years, when everything will restart its life--cycle again! They claim that this cycle was repeated for infinity, thus contradicting the sound reason and the divine revelation. They said,
(and nothing destroys us except Ad-Dahr (time).)
Allah the Exalted said in reply,
(And they have no knowledge of it, they only presume.) they speculate and guess!
As for the Hadith recorded by the two collectors of the Sahih, and Abu Dawud and An-Nasa'i, from Abu Hurayrah that the Messenger of Allah said, (Allah the Exalted says, "The Son of `Adam annoys Me when he curses Ad-Dahr (time), while I am Ad-Dahr. In My Hand are all matters; I cause the alternation of his days and nights.'')
In another narration; (Do not curse Ad-Dahr (time), for Allah is Ad-Dahr.) Ash-Shafi`i, Abu `Ubaydah and several other Imams of Tafsir explained the meaning of the Prophet's statement, (Do not abuse Ad-Dahr (time), for Allah is Ad-Dahr.) They said, "During the time of Jahiliyyah, when an affliction, a calamity or a disaster struck them, the Arabs used to say, `Woe to Ad-Dahr (time)!' So they used to blame such incidents on Ad-Dahr, cursing Ad-Dahr in the process. Surely, it is Allah the Exalted and Most Honored Who causes these (and all) things to happen. This is why when they cursed Ad-Dahr, it was as if they were cursing Allah Himself, since truthfully, He causes all incidents to happen. Therefore, abusing Ad-Dahr was prohibited due to this consideration, for it was Allah Whom they meant by abusing Ad-Dahr, which -- as we said-- they accused of causing (distressful) incidents.'' This is the best explanation for this subject, and it is the desired meaning.
(And when Our Clear Ayat are recited to them,) means, when the truth is made plain to them and used as evidence against them, asserting that Allah is able to resurrect the bodies after they have perished and disintegrated,
(their argument is no other than that they say: "Bring back our fathers, if you are truthful!'') `bring them back to life, if what you say is true.' Allah the Exalted said,
(Say (to them): "Allah gives you life and then causes you to die...'') `for you are witnesses that He brings you (or new life) to existence after non--existence,'
(How can you disbelieve in Allah Seeing that you were dead and He gave you life. Then He will give you death, then again will bring you to life.) (2:28)
Therefore, He Who is able to initiate creation, is able to restart it, as well and more obviously,
(And He it is Who originates the creation, then He will repeat it; and this is easier for Him.) (30:27)
Allah said next,
(then He will assemble you on the Day of Resurrection about which there is no doubt.) `when He resurrects you, it will be on and for the Day of Resurrection, not in this life. Therefore, your statement is groundless,' Bring back our (dead) fathers, if you are truthful!
Allah said,
The Day when He will gather you (all) on the Day of Gathering. )64:9(,
(For what Day are these signs postponed For the Day of sorting out.) (77:12-13), and,
(And We delay it only for a term (already) fixed.) (11:104)
(then He will assemble you on the Day of Resurrection about which there is no doubt.) there is no doubt that it will come,
(But most of mankind know not.) and this is why they deny Resurrection and discount the fact that the bodies will be brought back to life.
Allah the Exalted said,
(Verily, they see it afar off. But We see it (quite) near.) (70:6), they discount the possibility that Resurrection will ever come, while the believers believe that its occurrence is easy and imminent.
| Some of the Conditions of the Day of Resurrection and its Horrors |
Allah mentions that He is the King and Owner of the heavens and earth, and the Only Ruler over them in this life and the Hereafter. Allah's statement,
(And on the Day that the Hour will be established) on the Day of Resurrection,
(the followers of falsehood shall lose.) those who disbelieve in Allah and reject the clear proofs and unequivocal evidence that He has sent down to His Messengers.
(And you will see each nation humbled to their knees (Jathiyah),) kneeling, fearful of the tremendous calamity and events. It was said that this will occur when Hellfire will be brought forth, for she will exhale once, and everyone will fall to their knees, including Ibrahim, the Khalil. He will proclaim, "Myself, myself, myself! Today, I will not ask You (O Allah) but about myself.'' And even `Isa, will proclaim, "Today, I will only argue before You on my own behalf, I will not ask You about Maryam, who gave birth to me.''
Allah said next,
(each nation will be called to its Record. ) meaning, Record of deeds. Allah said in a similar Ayah,
(And the Book will be presented; and the Prophets and the witnesses will be brought forward) (39:69).
This is why Allah said here,
(This Day you shall be recompensed for what you used to do.) `you will be judged according to your deeds, good and evil.' Allah said in similar Ayat;
(On that Day man will be informed of what he sent forward, and what he left behind. Nay! Man will be a witness against himself, though he may put forth his excuses.) (75:13-15)
(This, Our Record speaks about you with truth.) It contains the record of all your actions, without addition or deletion.
Allah also said:
(And the Book will be presented, and you will see the criminals, fearful of that which is therein. They will say:"Woe to us! What sort of Book is this that leaves neither a small thing nor a big thing, but has recorded it with numbers!'' And they will find all that they did, placed before them, and your Lord treats no one with injustice.) (18:49)
Allah's statement,
(Verily, We were recording what you used to do.) means, `We ordered Our scribe angels to record your deeds.' Ibn `Abbas and others commented, "The angels record the deeds of the servants and then ascend to heaven with them. There, they meet the angels entrusted with the Records of deeds sent down from Al-Lawh Al-Mahfuz on each Night of Al-Qadr, containing what Allah has written will occur from the servants, long before He created them. They will compare their records and find out that not a single letter was added or deleted.'' He then recited this Ayah,
(Verily, We were recording what you used to do.)
| Allah states to us His judgement in His creation on the Day of Resurrection, |
(Then, as for those who believed and did good deeds,) Those whose hearts believed and their limbs performed good deeds, in sincerity to Allah and conforming with Islamic legislation;
(their Lord will admit them to His mercy. ) and that is Paradise. In the Sahih, Allah said to Paradise;
("You are My mercy, with which I grant mercy to whom I will,'') Allah said;
(That will be the evident success.) clear and apparent.
(But as for those who disbelieved (it will be said to them): "Were not Our Ayat recited to you But you were proud...'') They will be admonished and criticized with this statement, that means, `have not the Ayat of Ar-Rahman been recited to you But you did not follow them out of pride and turned away upon hearing them,'
(and you were a people who were criminals.), `by your actions, as well as, the denial that your hearts contained.'
(And when it was said: "Verily, Allah's promise is the truth, and there is no doubt about the coming of the Hour,'') `when the believers said these words to you;'
(you said: "We know not what is the Hour...'') `we do not recognize what you are talking about,'
(we do not think it but conjecture,) `we only remotely think that it might come,'
(and we have no firm convincing belief (therein).) `we are not sure of it.'
(And the evil of what they did will appear to them,) the repercussion of their evil deeds will become apparent to them,
(and will completely encircle them.) from all directions,
(that which they used to mock at) of the coming torment and punishment,
(And it will be said: "This Day We will forget you...'') `We will treat you as if We have forgotten you, casting you in the fire of Jahannam,'
(as you forgot the meeting of this Day of yours.) `and did not work for it because you did not believe in its coming,'
(And your abode is the Fire, and there is none to help you.) In the Sahih, it is reported that Allah the Exalted will ask some of His servants on the Day of Resurrection,
(This, because you took the revelations of Allah in mockery.) `We gave you this punishment as retribution because you mocked Allah's proofs that He sent to you, and made them the subject of jokes and jest,'
(and the life of the world deceived you.) `this life fooled you and you were seduced by to it, thus becoming among the ultimate losers,'
(So this Day, they shall not be taken out from there), from Hellfire,
(nor shall they be returned to the worldly life.) no apologies shall be sought from them, but they will be punished without limit or delay, just as a group of the believers will enter Paradise without limit or delay. After Allah mentioned His judgement for the believers and the disbelievers, He said,
(So all praise is due to Allah, the Lord of the heavens and the Lord of the earth,) He is their Owner and the Owner of all that is in and on them, and surely,
(and the Lord of all that exists.)
(And His is the majesty in the heavens and the earth, ) meaning, the kingship, according to Mujahid. This Ayah means, Allah is the Almighty, Worthy of all praise; everything and everyone is subservient and in complete need of and dependent upon Him.
In an authentic Hadith, the Prophet said, (Allah the Exalted said, "Glory is My robe and pride is My garment; whoever rivals Me for either of them, I will make him reside in My Fire!'') Muslim collected a similar Hadith.
Allah said,
(and He is the Al-`Aziz,) Who is never resisted or rivaled,
(Al-Hakim) all wise in His statements, actions, legislation and the decree that He appoints; all glory and praise are due to Him, none has the right to be worshipped but He, Alone. This is the end of the Tafsir of Surat Al-Jathiyah. All praise and thanks are due to Allah alone.
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