Source: Ibn Kathir
(And those who, when an oppressive wrong is done to them, take revenge.) means, they have the strength to take revenge on those who commit aggressive wrong and hostile acts against them. They are not incapable of doing so and they are not helpless; they are able to take revenge against those who transgress against them, even though when they have the power to take revenge, they prefer to forgive, as when Yusuf, peace be upon him, said to his brothers:
(No reproach on you this day; may Allah forgive you) (12: 92).
even though he was in a position to take revenge on them for what they had done to him.
The Messenger of Allah forgave the eighty people who intended to do him harm during the year of Al-Hudaybiyah, camping by the mountain of At-Tan`im. When he overpowered them, he set them free, even though he was in a position to take revenge on them. He also forgave Ghawrath bin Al-Harith who wanted to kill him and unsheathed his sword while he was sleeping. The Prophet woke up to find him pointing the sword at him. He reproached him angrily and the sword dropped. Then the Messenger of Allah picked up the sword and called his Companions He told them what had happened, and he forgave the man. There are many similar Hadiths and reports. And Allah knows best.
| Forgiving or exacting Revenge on Wrongdoers |
(The recompense for an evil is an evil like thereof).
This is like the Ayat:
(Then whoever transgresses the prohibition against you, you transgress likewise against him) (2:194), and
(And if you punish, then punish them with the like of that with which you were afflicted) (16:126).
Justice, has been prescribed, in the form of the prescribed laws of equality in punishment (Al-Qisas), but the better way, which means forgiving, is recommended, as Allah says:
(and wounds equal for equal. But if anyone remits the retaliation by way of charity, it shall be for him an expiation) (5:45).
Allah says here:
(but whoever forgives and makes reconciliation, his reward is with Allah. ) means, that will not be wasted with Allah.
As it says in a Sahih Hadith: (Allah does not increase the person who forgives except in honor.)''
(Verily, He likes not the wrongdoers.) means, the aggressors, i.e., those who initiate the evil actions.
(And indeed whosoever takes revenge after he has suffered wrong, for such there is no way (of blame) against them.) means, there is no sin on him for taking revenge against the one who wronged him.
(The way) means, the burden of sin,
(is only against those who oppress men and rebel in the earth without justification;) means, those who initiate wrongful actions against others, as it says in the Sahih Hadith: (When two persons indulge in abusing each other, the one who initiated the wrongful action is to blame, unless the one who was wronged oversteps the mark in retaliation.)
(for such there will be a painful torment.) means, intense and agonizing.
(And verily, whosoever shows patience and forgives,) meaning, whoever bears the insult with patience and conceals the evil action,
(that would truly be from the things recommended by Allah.) Sa`id bin Jubayr said, "This means, one of the things enjoined by Allah,'' i.e., good actions for which there will be a great reward and much praise.
| The State of the Wrongdoers on the Day of Resurrection |
Allah tells us that whatever He wills happens and whatever He does not will does not happen, and no one can make it happen. Whomever He guides, none can lead astray, and whomever He leads astray, none can guide,
as He says:
(but he whom He sends astray, for him you will find no protecting to lead him.) (18:17).
Then Allah tells us about the wrongdoers, i.e., the idolators who associate others in worship with Allah:
(when they behold the torment,) i.e., on the Day of Resurrection, they will wish that they could go back to this world.
(they will say: "Is there any way of return'') This is like the Ayah:
(If you could but see when they will be held over the (Hell) Fire! They will say: "Would that we were but sent back! Then we would not deny the Ayat of our Lord, and we would be of the believers!'' Nay, it has become manifest to them what they had been concealing before. But if they were returned, they would certainly revert to that which they were forbidden. And indeed they are liars.) (6:27-28)
(And you will see them brought forward to it) means, to the Fire.
(made humble by disgrace,) means, in a befitting manner, because of their previous disobedience towards Allah.
((and) looking with a stealthy glance.) Mujahid said, "In a humiliating manner.'' That is, they will steal glances at it because they will be afraid of it. But the thing that they are afraid of will undoubtedly happen, and worse than that -- may Allah save us from that.
(And those who believe will say) means, on the Day of Resurrection they will say:
(Verily, the losers...) means, the greatest losers.
(are they who lose themselves and their families on the Day of Resurrection. ) means, they will be taken to the Fire and deprived of any pleasures in the Hereafter. They will lose themselves, and they will be separated from their loved ones, companions, families, and relatives, and they will lose them.
(Verily, the wrongdoers will be in a lasting torment.) means, everlasting and eternal, with no way out and no escape.
(And they will have no protectors to help them other than Allah.) means, no one to save them from the punishment and torment which they are suffering.
(And he whom Allah sends astray, for him there is no way.) means, no salvation.
| Encouragement to obey Allah before the Day of Resurrection |
When Allah tells us about the horrors and terrifying events of the Day of Resurrection, He warns us about it and commands us to prepare for it:
(Answer the Call of your Lord before there comes from Allah a Day which cannot be averted.) means, once He issues the command, it will come to pass within the blinking of an eye, and no one will be able to avert it or prevent it.
(You will have no refuge on that Day nor there will be for you any denying.) means, you will have no stronghold in which to take refuge, no place in which to hide from Allah, for He will encompass you with His knowledge and power, and you will have no refuge from Him except with Him.
(On that Day man will say: "Where (is the refuge) to flee'' No! There is no refuge! Unto your Lord will be the place of rest that Day.) (75:10-12)
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