Source: Ibn Kathir
| Making Peace between Disputing Muslims |
(9) And if two factions among the believers should fight, then make settlement between the two. But if one of them oppresses the other, then fight against the one that oppresses until it returns to the ordinance of Allah . And if it returns, then make settlement between them in justice and act justly. Indeed, Allah loves those who act justly.
Allah commands making peace between Muslims that fight each other,
(And if two parties among the believers fall to fighting, then make peace between them both.) Therefore, Allah calls both opposing groups among Muslims, believers, although they are fighting each other.
Al-Bukhari and other scholars relied on this Hadith as evidence that committing a sin does not nullify faith, no matter how major the sin is.
(But if one of them outrages against the other, then fight you (all) against the one that which outrages till it complies with the command of Allah.) means, until the rebellious group, refers to the commands of Allah and His Messenger for judgment and they listen to and obey the truth.
There is a Hadith in the Sahih in which Anas states that the Messenger of Allah said, (Help your brother, whether he is an oppressor or he is oppressed.) "I asked, `O Allah's Messenger! It is right that I help him if he is oppressed, but how should I help him if he is an oppressor' He said, (By preventing him from oppressing others; this is how you help him in this case.)'' Sa`id bin Jubayr said that tribes of Aws and Khazraj once got in a scuffle using date tree branches and slippers. Allah revealed this honorable Ayah commanding them to make peace between them. As-Suddi said, "A man from Al-Ansar, whose name was `Imran, had a wife called Umm Zayd. She wanted to visit her family, but her husband prevented her from visiting them by locking her in an upper room. So, none of her family could visit or see her. She sent someone to her family. They came, took her down from the room and wanted to take her away. Her husband was absent at the time, so his family called on their people. Their cousins came to help prevent the wife from going with her family. A push and shove situation occurred that led to them fighting using slippers. This Ayah was then revealed in their case, and the Messenger of Allah sent someone to bring peace between them, and they both agreed to resort to the decision of Allah the Exalted.'' The statement of Allah the Exalted, next,
(Then if it complies, then make reconciliation between them justly, and be equitable. Verily, Allah loves those who are equitable.) means, be fair in your judgment regarding the dispute that occurred between them,
(Verily, Allah loves those who are equitable.) Ibn Abi Hatim recorded, that `Abdullah bin `Amr said that the Messenger of Allah said,
(Verily, those who are equitable in this life, will be on podiums made of pearls before Ar-Rahman, the Exalted and Most Honored, on account of their fairness in this life.) An-Nasa'i collected this Hadith.
(10) The believers are but brothers, so make settlement between your brothers. And fear Allah that you may receive mercy.
(The believers are but a brotherhood.) means, all of them are brothers in Islam.
The Messenger of Allah said, (The Muslim is the brother of the Muslim, he is not unjust with him nor does he forsake him.)
In the Sahih, (Allah helps the servant as long as the servant helps his brother.)
Also in the Sahih: (If the Muslim invokes Allah for the benefit of his absent brother, the angel says afterward, "Amin, and for you the same.'') There are many Hadiths with this meaning, such as, in the Sahih, (The parable of the believers in relation to the kindness, mercy, and compassion they have for each other, is that of the body: when an organ of it falls ill, the rest of the body responds with fever and sleeplessness.) And also in Sahih.
(A believer to another believer is like a building whose different parts enforce each other.) The Prophet then clasped his hands with the fingers interlaced. Allah's statement,
(So make reconciliation between your brothers, ) refers to the two groups that fight each other,
(and have Taqwa of Allah) in all of your affairs,
(that you may receive mercy.) and this is a promise from Allah that He will grant mercy to those who fear and obey Him.
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