Source: Ibn Kathir
(whatever he utters), in reference to the human,
(of a word), means any word that he or she speaks,
(but there is a watcher by him ready.) means, but there is a scribe whose job is to record it, leaving no word or movement unrecorded.
Allah the Exalted said,
(But verily, over you (are appointed angels) to watch you, Kiraman (honorable) Katibin writing down (your deeds), they know all that you do.) (82:10-12) Therefore, the scribe records every word that is spoken, according to the explanation of Al-Hasan and Qatadah. This is also the apparent meaning of this Ayah.
Imam Ahmad recorded that Bilal bin Al-Harith Al-Muzani said, "The Messenger of Allah said,
(Verily, a man might utter a word that pleases Allah the Exalted, unaware of how highly it will be regarded, and on its account, Allah the Exalted and Most Honored decrees His pleasure of him until the Day he meets Him. A man might indeed utter a word that angers Allah the Exalted, unaware of how dreadful it will be and on its account Allah the Exalted decrees for him His anger until the Day he meets Him.)'' `Alqamah used to say, "How many words did I not utter because of the Hadith that Bilal bin Al-Harith narrated.'' At-Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i and Ibn Majah collected this Hadith. At-Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih.'' There is a Hadith similar to this in the Sahih.
| Reminding Mankind of the Stupor of Death, the Blast of the Trumpet and the Day of Gathering |
Allah the Exalted and Most High said,
(And the stupor of death will come in truth: "This is what you have been avoiding!'') Allah the Exalted and Most Honored says, `O mankind! This is the stupor of death that has come in truth; now, I have brought forth to you the certainty that you were disputing,'
(This is what you have been avoiding!), means, `this is the end that you were trying to escape; it has come to you! Therefore, you will have neither a shelter nor a refuge nor a sanctuary nor an asylum from it.'
In the Sahih, the Prophet said, while wiping sweat from his face when the stupor of death overcame him, (Glory be to Allah! Verily, death has its stupor.) The Ayah,
(This is what you have been avoiding!) has two possible meanings. One of them is this: `what you have been trying to avert, escape and flee from has come to you and resided in your home!' The second meaning is, `you had no way of escaping or averting this end. '
Allah the Exalted the Blessed said,
(And the Trumpet will be blown -- that will be the Day of the threat.) Earlier we discussed the information about the blowing of the Trumpet, the fear that follows it, the death of everything and then resurrection, all this will occur on the Day of Resurrection.
We also mentioned that the Messenger of Allah said in a Hadith, How can I feel comfortable while the angel responsible for the Trumpet has placed the Trumpet to his mouth and lowered his forehead waiting when he will be commanded (by Allah to blow in it)) They said, "O Allah's Messenger, what should we say'' He said, (Say, "Allah is sufficient for us, and He is the best disposer of affairs.)'' The Companions repeated this invocation, saying, "Allah is sufficient for us, and He is the best disposer of affairs (for us).''
Allah said,
(And every person will come forth along with a Sa'iq and a Shahid.) meaning, an angel to drive him to the gathering place and an angel to bear witness against him with regards to his deeds. This is the apparent meaning of this honorable Ayah and it is the meaning that Ibn Jarir preferred. It was narrated from Yahya bin Rafi`, the freed servant of Thaqif, that he heard `Uthman bin `Affan, may Allah be pleased with him, giving a speech in which he recited this Ayah, (And every person will come forth along with a Sa'iq and a Shahid.) and then said, "A Sa'iq to drive every person to Allah the Exalted, and a Shahid to witness against him what he has done.''
The statement of Allah the Exalted,
(Indeed you were heedless of this. Now We have removed from you, your covering, and sharp is your sight this Day!) is directed at humanity. Allah said,
(Indeed you were heedless of this.), of this Day,
(Now We have removed from you, your covering, and sharp is your sight this Day!) `your sight is now clear and strong.' Everyone, including the disbelievers, will have a clear sight on the Day of Resurrec- tion. However, having sight will not be helpful to the dis- believers on that Day, for Allah the Exalted said,
(How clearly will they (disbelievers) see and hear, the Day when they will appear before Us!) (19:38), and,
(And if you only could see when the criminals hang their heads before their Lord (saying): "Our Lord! We have now seen and heard, so send us back (to the world), that we will do righteous good deeds. Verily, we now believe with certainty.)(32:12)
| The Angel will bear Witness; Allah commands that the Disbeliever be thrown into the Fire |
Allah the Exalted states that the scribe angel, who is entrusted with recording the deeds of mankind, will testify against him or her about the deeds he or she did on the Day of Resurrection. He will say,
("Here is (his Record) ready with me!''), here it is prepared and completed without addition or deletion. This is when Allah the Exalted will judge the creation with fairness, saying,
(Both of you throw into Hell every stubborn disbeliever.) It appears that Allah will say these words to the Sa'iq and Shahid angels; the Sa'iq drove him to the grounds where Reckoning is held and the Shahid testified. Allah the Exalted will order them to throw him in the fire of Jahannam, and worse it is as a destination,
(Both of you throw into Hell every stubborn disbeliever.) meaning, whose disbelief and denial of truth was horrendous, who used to stubbornly reject the truth, knowingly contradicting it with falsehood,
(Hinderer of good,) meaning for he did not fulfill the duties he was ordered, nor was he dutiful, keeping ties to kith and kin nor giving charity,
(transgressor,) meaning, he transgresses the limits in spending. Qatadah commented, "He is a transgressor in his speech, behavior and affairs.'' Allah said,
(doubter,) meaning, he doubts and raises doubts in those who scrutinize his behavior,
(who set up another god with Allah.) meaning, he associated others with Allah and worshipped others besides Him,
(Then both of you cast him in the severe torment.)
Imam Ahmad recorded that Abu Sa`id Al-Khudri said that the Prophet said, (A neck from the Fire will appear and will speak saying, "Today, I have been entrusted with three: Every obstinate tyrant, everyone who ascribed another god with Allah, and he who took a life without right.'' The neck will then close in on them and throw them in the midst of Jahannam.)''
| Man and Devil dispute before Allah |
Allah's saying;
(His companion will say), refers to the devil who is entrusted to every man, according to `Abdullah bin `Abbas, Mujahid, Qatadah and several others. He will say,
(Our Lord! I did not push him to transgression,) meaning, the devil will say this about the human who came on the Day of Resurrection as a disbeliever.
The devil will disown him, saying,
(Our Lord! I did not push him to transgression) meaning, "I did not lead him astray,''
(but he was himself in error far astray.) meaning, he himself was misguided, accepting falsehood and stubborn to the truth. Allah the Exalted and Most Honored said in another Ayah,
(And Shaytan will say when the matter has been decided: "Verily, Allah promised you a promise of truth. And I too promised you, but I betrayed you. I had no authority over you except that I called you, and you responded to me. So blame me not, but blame yourselves. I cannot help you, nor can you help me. I deny your former act in associating me as a partner with Allah. Verily, there is a painful torment for the wrongdoers.'') (14:22)
(Allah) will say: "Dispute not in front of Me.'') The Lord, the Exalted and Most Honored will say this to the man and his devil companion, who will be disputing before Him. The man will say, "O, Lord! This devil has misguided me away from the Remembrance after it came to me,'' while the devil will declare,
(Our Lord! I did not push him to transgression, but he was himself in error far astray.) from the path of truth. The Lord, the Exalted and Most Honored will say to them,
(Dispute not in front of Me,) or `before Me,'
(I had already in advance sent you the threat.) `I have given you sufficient proof by the words of the Messengers, and I have sent down the Divine Books; the evidence, signs, and proofs have thus been established against you,'
(The Sentence that comes from Me cannot be changed, ) "I have made My decision,'' according to the explanation of Mujahid,
(And I am not unjust to the servants.) `I will not punish anyone, except on account of their sins after the proof has been established against them.'
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