Source: Ibn Kathir
(And that it is He Who makes you laugh, and makes you weep.) means that He created in His creatures the ability to laugh or weep and the causes for each of these opposites,
(And that it is He Who causes death and gives life.) In a similar statement, Allah said,
(Who has created death and life.)(67:2)
Allah said,
(And that He creates the pairs, male and female. From Nutfah when it is emitted.) as He said:
(Does man think that he will be left neglected Was he not a Nutfah Then he became an `Alaqah (something that clings); then (Allah) shaped and fashioned (him) in due proportion. And made of him two sexes, male and female. Is not He (Allah) able to give life to the dead)(75:36-40)
Allah the Exalted said,
(And that upon Him is another bringing forth.) meaning, just as He first originated creation, He is able to bring it back to life, resurrecting it for the Day of Judgement,
(And that it is He Who Aghna (gives much) and Aqna (a little).) It is Allah Who gives wealth to His servants and this wealth remains with them. This means they are able to use it to their benefit, is this out of the completeness of His favor. Most of the statements of the scholars of Tafsir revolve around this meaning, such as those from Abu Salih, Ibn Jarir, and others. Mujahid said that,
(Aghna) meaning: He gives wealth.
(Aqna) meaning: He gives servants. Similar was said by Qatadah.
Ibn `Abbas and Mujahid said;
(Aghna) means: He granted; while,
(Aqna) means: He gave contentment.
(And that He is the Lord of Ash-Shi`ra.) Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, Qatadah and Ibn Zayd said about Ash-Shi`ra that it is the bright star, named Mirzam Al-Jawza' (Sirius), which a group of Arabs used to worship.
(And that it is He Who destroyed the former `Ad) The people of Hud. They are the descendants of `Ad, son of Iram, son of Sam, son of Nuh.
As Allah the Exalted said,
As Allah the Exalted said,
(Saw you not how your Lord dealt with `Ad. Of Iram, with the lofty pillars, the like of which were not created in the land)(89:6-8)
The people of `Ad were among the strongest, fiercest people and the most rebellious against Allah the Exalted and His Messenger. Allah destroyed them,
(By a furious violent wind! Which Allah imposed on them for seven nights and eight days in succession.)(69:6-7)
Allah's statement,
(And Thamud. He spared none), declares that He destroyed them all and spared none of them,
(And the people of Nuh aforetime.) before `Ad and Thamud,
(Verily, they were more unjust and more rebellious and transgressing.) more unjust in disobeying Allah than those who came after them,
(And He destroyed the overthrown cities.) meaning, the cities (of Sodom and Gomorrah) to which Prophet Lut was sent. Allah turned their cities upside down over them and sent on them stones of Sijjil.
Allah's statement that whatever has covered it, has covered it, is like the case with the stones of Sijjil that He sent on them,
(And We rained on them a rain (of torment). And how evil was the rain of those who had been warned!)(26:173)
Allah said,
(Then which of the graces of your Lord will you doubt) meaning, `which of Allah's favors for you, O man, do you doubt,' according to Qatadah. Ibn Jurayj said that the Ayah,
(Then which of the graces of your Lord will you doubt), is directed towards the Prophet saying: "O Muhammad!'' However, the first explanation is better, and it is the meaning that Ibn Jarir preferred.
| A Warning and Exhortation, the Order to prostrate and to be humble |
Allah said,
(This is a warner) in reference to Muhammad,
(from the warners of old.) means, just like the warners of old, he was sent as a Messenger as they were sent as Messengers.
Allah the Exalted said,
(Say: "I am not a new thing among the Messengers.'')(46:9)
(The Azifah draws near.) that which is near, the Day of Resurrection, has drawn nearer,
(None besides Allah can avert it.) no one besides Allah can prevent it from coming, nor does anyone know when it will come, except Him. The warner is eager to convey his knowledge of the imminence of a calamity so that it does not befall those to whom he is a warner. As He said;
(He is only a warner to you in face of a severe torment.) (34:46)
Allah the Exalted admonishes the idolators because they hear the Qur'an, yet they turn away from it in heedless play,
(wonder) doubting that it is true.
(And you laugh) in jest and mock at it,
(and weep not,) just as those who believe in it weep,
(And they fall down on their faces weeping and it increases their humility.)(17:109)
(While you are Samidun.) Sufyan Ath-Thawri reported that his father narrated that Ibn `Abbas said about Samidun, "Singing; in Yemenite dialect `Ismid for us' means `Sing for us.''' `Ikrimah said something similar.
In another narration from Ibn `Abbas, he said that,
(Samidun) means, "Turning away.'' Similar was reported from Mujahid and `Ikrimah. Allah the Exalted ordered His servants to prostrate to Him, worship Him according to the way of His Messenger, and to fulfill the requirement of Tawhid and sincerity,
(So fall you down in prostration to Allah and worship Him.) meaning, with submission, sincerity, and Tawhid. Al-Bukhari recorded that Abu Ma`mar said that `Abdul-Warith said that Ayyub said that `Ikrimah said that, Ibn `Abbas said, "The Prophet prostrated upon reciting An-Najm and the Muslims, idolators, Jinns and mankind who were present prostrated along with him.'' Only Muslim collected this Hadith. Imam Ahmad recorded that Al-Muttalib bin Abi Wada`ah said, "While in Makkah, the Messenger of Allah once recited Surat An-Najm, then prostrated along with all those who were with him at the time. I raised my head, however, and I refused to prostrate.'' Al-Muttalib had not embraced Islam yet, but ever since he became Muslim, he would never hear anyone recite this Surah until the end, without prostrating with whomever was prostrating after reciting it. An-Nasa'i also collected this Hadith in the Book of Al-Bukhari, excluding prayer in his Sunan. This is the end of the Tafsir of Surat An-Najm. All praise and thanks are due to Allah.
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